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Reza Taherkhani,Manoochehr Makvandi,Fatemeh Farshadpour 대한진단검사의학회 2014 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.34 No.2
Background: Without appropriate culture systems for hepatitis E virus (HEV), sufficient natural viral proteins are difficult to generate for use in serological tests. Therefore, it is im- portant to produce large amounts of HEV recombinant proteins in an economical way. The present study developed ELISAs using 2 truncated forms of the HEV open reading frame (ORF) 2 protein in order to detect anti-HEV IgG in serum samples. Methods: Two truncated forms of the ORF2 protein were expressed in Escherichia coli and were purified by Ni 2+ -chelate-affinity chromatography (Qiagen, Germany). Two ELISAs were developed using these proteins and were compared with DIA.PRO HEV IgG ELISA kit (DIA.PRO. Italy) in 220 serum samples. Results: High yields of the target proteins were obtained through codon optimization. The concentration and purity of the proteins were improved with Amicon filters (EMD Millipore, USA). Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and West- ern blotting analysis of the resultant proteins showed a protein band of approximately 60 kDa corresponding to ORF2.1 (amino acids 112-660) and a protein band of approxi- mately 55 kDa corresponding to ORF2.2 (amino acids 112-607). Positive agreement, negative agreement, and concordance of the 2 in-house ELISAs compared with DIA.PRO HEV IgG ELISA kit were 87%, 99.5%, and 98.1%, respectively (kappa=0.899, P =0.625). Conclusions: The newly developed ELISAs are useful for detecting anti-HEV IgG in serum samples and are highly concordant with DIA.PRO HEV IgG ELISA kit.
Scrutinizing Demotivating and Remotivating Factors among Iranian BA and MA Students Studying English
Reza Taherkhani,Monireh Kasrayi 아시아테플 2023 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.20 No.4
Although demotivation is as important as motivation to be investigated in second language acquisition, it has been scarcely explored and is a relatively new issue. Therefore, the present nationwide mixed methods study attempted to probe demotivating and remotivating factors among Iranian BA and MA students studying English. The participants included 226 students from different universities across the country. To collect the quantitative data, Sahragard and Ansaripour’s (2014) questionnaire containing 40 items on a 5-point Likert scale was used to unpack the demotivating factors. To collect the qualitative data, the researchers ran semi-structured interviews with 10 BA and 10 MA students to examine their perceptions regarding demotivation in more detail. Also, semi-structured interviews with 20 BA and 20 MA students were run to examine their perceptions regarding remotivation. The results of the questionnaire revealed that for both BA and MA students, economic problems had the most influential effect on demotivating them. For MA students, encouraging students and boosting their self-confidence, and for BA students, improving teachers’ behavior and attitudes was the most important remotivating factor of learning English. The findings can have implications for different stakeholders, including teachers, universities, researchers, educators, and policy-makers.