An overview of backbone technology behind the latest advanced gadgets in use: 4G & 5G

Ranjan Mishra 대한공간정보학회 2023 Spatial Information Research Vol.31 No.1

Technology has a significant impact on human behavior. Wireless technology has changed business, living conditions, infrastructure, and many other aspects of human life. Mankind is constantly attempting to come up with attractive solutions to many problems and seeking new methods to progress. With growing humankind’s ambition, wireless technology has developed from 1G to 5G. This evolution, on the other hand, has not slowed down. In this paper, discussion is given about the technologies that form a part of 4G and 5G communication. In addition, the paper highlights the review of the technologies implemented for 4G and 5G mobile networks. Cellular networks have grown and improved immensely in recent years, in terms of customers, data speeds, outreached and other aspects. In both 4G and 5G technology, the mobile consumer has taken precedence above all others. The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the essential enabling technologies for 4G and 5G, and a variation between these for its versatility and connectivity.

High Frequency Regeneration of Plantlets from Seedling Explants of Asteracantha longifolia (L.) NEES

Mishra Ramya Ranjan,Behera Motilal,Kumar Deep Ratan,Panigrahi Jogeswar The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2006 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.8 No.1

Plantlet regeneration in Asteracantha longifolia(L.) Nees (Acanthaceae), a medicinal herb has been achieved from seedling explants on basal MS medium. Three different seedling explants including node, internode and leaf segments on used. Of these three explant, leaf explants gave better response for both callus mediated organogenesis and direct multiple shoot induction. Number of explants showing differentiation of shout buds was higher on MS media supplemented with BA compared to kinetin. MS medium fortified with BA ($2.0mgl^{-1}$) and NAA ($0.5mgl^{-1}$) was found to be most suitable for both callus mediated organogenesis and elongation of shouts. The elongated shoots were successfully routed on MS medium fortified with NAA or IBA. Among them $0.1mgl^{-1}$ NAA or $0.2mgl^{-1}$ IBA provides better response for rhizogenesis. Regenerated plantlets were successfully established in soil where 85.4% or them developed into morphologically normal and fertile plants. RAPD profiling using four decamer primers confirmed the genetic uniformity of the regenerated plantlets and substantiated the efficacy and suitability of this protocol for in vitro propagation of A. longifolia.

Protein kinase C and calcineurin cooperatively mediate cell survival under compressive mechanical stress

Mishra, Ranjan,van Drogen, Frank,Dechant, Reinhard,Oh, Soojung,Jeon, Noo Li,Lee, Sung Sik,Peter, Matthias National Academy of Sciences 2017 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.114 No.51

<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Cells are constantly exposed to a variety of mechanical cues, and respond by activating conserved signaling pathways that modulate their profiliation and intracellular organization. For instance, cells in solid tumors experience sustained compression from the microenvironment, and compressive stress is known to trigger an invasive phenotype in some cancer cells. However, despite its importance for health and disease, the specific mechanosensors and the downstream signaling network mediating these physiological responses remain largely unknown, in part due to the lack of appropriate experimental systems. Here, we develop a microfluidic platform that allows triggering compressive mechanical stress in a reversible and controllable manner, and we identify cell surface receptors that specifically sense compressive mechanical stress and generate synergistic cellular responses.</P><P>Cells experience compressive stress while growing in limited space or migrating through narrow constrictions. To survive such stress, cells reprogram their intracellular organization to acquire appropriate mechanical properties. However, the mechanosensors and downstream signaling networks mediating these changes remain largely unknown. Here, we have established a microfluidic platform to specifically trigger compressive stress, and to quantitatively monitor single-cell responses of budding yeast in situ. We found that yeast senses compressive stress via the cell surface protein Mid2 and the calcium channel proteins Mid1 and Cch1, which then activate the Pkc1/Mpk1 MAP kinase pathway and calcium signaling, respectively. Genetic analysis revealed that these pathways work in parallel to mediate cell survival. Mid2 contains a short intracellular tail and a serine−threonine-rich extracellular domain with spring-like properties, and both domains are required for mechanosignaling. Mid2-dependent spatial activation of the Pkc1/Mpk1 pathway depolarizes the actin cytoskeleton in budding or shmooing cells, thereby antagonizing polarized growth to protect cells under compressive stress conditions. Together, these results identify a conserved signaling network responding to compressive mechanical stress, which, in higher eukaryotes, may ensure cell survival in confined environments.</P>

Design and Performance Analysis of a Rectangular Microstrip Line Feed Ultra-Wide Band Antenna

Ranjan Mishra,Jeevani Jayasinghe,Raj Gaurav Mishra,Piyush Kuchhal 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.6

The research article presents the design and performance of a planar microstrip-line feed monopole antenna for Ultra-Wide band (UWB) frequency. The proposed antenna is consisting of a rectangular patch antenna loaded with a rectangular slot on its center position. The antenna is etched over a FR4 epoxy substrate with a dimension of 30 mm by 26 mm by 1.52 mm. The simulated and experimental results are compared and analysis showed a good proximity. The measured and simulated results confirm that the design covers the entire region of UWB range (4.1 GHz to 8.8 GHz). The measurement indicates that the designed antenna is a good candidate in terms of return loss, VSWR, radiation efficiency for UWB application.

Donepezil for Compulsive Behavior in Degenerative Dementia: Case Series

Biswa Ranjan Mishra,Vanteemar S. Sreeraj,Saranya Dhanashekaran,Rituparna Maiti 대한정신약물학회 2018 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.16 No.2

Diagnosing and managing dementia, presenting with compulsions is challenging. Presented are three cases, a possible representative subset of the Donepezil responders. Selective degeneration of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex networking striatum leading to compulsions would be amenable to cholinergic modulation.

Estimation of Genetic Diversity Among 34 Genotypes in the Genus Cajanus with Contrasting Host Response to the Pod Borer and its Allied Pests

Alok Ranjan Sahu,Ramya Ranjan Mishra,Jogeswar Panigrahi 한국작물학회 2016 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.19 No.1

The genetic divergence among 34 genotypes belonging to 12 species of genus Cajanus were carried out using plant pest interaction and DNA marker analysis. Principal component analysis based on average percentage of pod damage caused by pod borer, plume moth, and blue butterfly in the field conditions, and growth of their larva and pupa on an artificial diet in vitro dispersed these genotypes into four coordinates evincing high genetic divergence as expected. DNA marker analysis using 11 pairs of SSR and nine ISSR primers showed higher polymorphism at the species level, and these primers exhibited variation with regard to average band informativeness, resolving power, and PIC value. No single primer was able to distinguish between all the 34 genotypes of Cajanus but nine species specific amplified fragments were generated by five ISSR primers. The pairwise Jaccard’s similarity coefficient and Nei’s genetic distance values revealed a higher level of inter-specific genetic variation in the genus Cajanus. The clustering of genotypes based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient vis-a-vis Nei’s genetic distance agreed with the sectional classification of the genus Cajanus. Seven cultivars of C. cajan and the genotypes of their wild progenitor C. cajanifolius remained in one cluster, whereas accessions of C. platycarpus and C. scarabaeoides were out grouped. The rest of the genotypes belonging to nine species of Cajanus formed another cluster. The principal coordinate analysis also supported this clustering pattern. Moreover, these findings have good many implications for future breeding endeavors aimed at the introgression of pod borer resistance alleles.

Laser micro-drilling of CNT reinforced polymer nanocomposite: A parametric study using RSM and APSO

Lipsamayee Mishra,Trupti Ranjan Mahapatra,Debadutta Mishra,Akshaya Kumar Rout Techno-Press 2024 Advances in materials research Vol.13 No.1

The present experimental investigation focuses on finding optimal parametric data-set of laser micro-drilling operation with minimum taper and Heat-affected zone during laser micro-drilling of Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy-based composite materials. Experiments have been conducted as per Box-Behnken design (BBD) techniques considering cutting speed, lamp current, pulse frequency and air pressure as input process parameters. Then, the relationship between control parameters and output responses is developed using second-order nonlinear regression models. The analysis of variance test has also been performed to check the adequacy of the developed mathematical model. Using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and an Accelerated particle swarm optimization (APSO) technique, optimum process parameters are evaluated and compared. Moreover, confirmation tests are conducted with the optimal parameter settings obtained from RSM and APSO and improvement in performance parameter is noticed in each case. The optimal process parameter setting obtained from predictive RSM based APSO techniques are speed=150 (m/s), current=22 (amp), pulse frequency (3 kHz), Air pressure (1 kg/cm²) for Taper and speed=150 (m/s), current=22 (amp), pulse frequency (3 kHz), air pressure (3 kg/cm²) for HAZ. From the confirmatory experimental result, it is observed that the APSO metaheuristic algorithm performs efficiently for optimizing the responses during laser micro-drilling process of nanocomposites both in individual and multi-objective optimization.

Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Seizure Frequency and Epileptiform Discharges in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: A Meta-Analysis

Archana Mishra,Rituparna Maiti,Biswa Ranjan Mishra,Monalisa Jena,Anand Srinivasan 대한신경과학회 2020 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.16 No.1

Background and Purpose The role of low-frequency repetitive transcranial stimulation (rTMS) in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) has been conflicting and inconclusive in previous clinical trials. This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of rTMS on seizure frequency and epileptiform discharges in DRE. Methods A standard meta-analysis protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Ongoing Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42018088544). After performing a comprehensive literature search using specific keywords in MEDLINE, the Cochrane database, and the International Clinical Trial Registry Platform (ICTRP), reviewers assessed the eligibility and extracted data from seven relevant clinical trials. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed in the selection, analysis, and reporting of findings. A random-effects model was used to estimate the effect size as the mean difference in seizure frequency and interictal epileptiform discharges between the groups. Quality assessment was performed using a risk-of-bias assessment tool, and a meta- regression was used to identify the variables that probably influenced the effect size. Results The random-effects model analysis revealed a pooled effect size of -5.96 (95% CI= -8.98 to -2.94), significantly favoring rTMS stimulation (p=0.0001) over the control group with regard to seizure frequency. The overall effect size for interictal epileptiform discharges also significantly favored rTMS stimulation (p<0.0001), with an overall effect size of -9.36 (95% CI=-13.24 to -5.47). In the meta-regression, the seizure frequency worsened by 2.00±0.98 (mean±SD, p=0.042) for each week-long lengthening of the posttreatment follow-up period, suggesting that rTMS exerts only a short-term effect. Conclusions This meta-analysis shows that rTMS exerts a significant beneficial effect on DRE by reducing both the seizure frequency and interictal epileptiform discharges. However, the meta-regression revealed only an ephemeral effect of rTMS.

Augmentation Strategies for Partial or Non-responders to Clozapine in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Bayesian Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Archana Mishra,Rituparna Maiti,Biswa Ranjan Mishra,Anand Srinivasan 대한정신약물학회 2024 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.22 No.2

Clozapine is the only approved drug for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, but the response to the drug is often inadequate. Augmentation with other antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and antidepressants is recommended for such patients, but there is a lack of evidence regarding the most effective therapy. This network meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of pharmacological agents used in the augmentation strategies in patients who were partial/non-responders to clozapine. Relevant data were extracted from 30 randomized controlled trials through searches of electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, clinical trial registries). PRISMA guidelines were followed for the extraction, management, analysis, and reporting of the data. The outcome measure in this study was a reduction in symptom severity according to total PANSS/BPRS and was reported as the standardized mean difference with a 95% credible interval. Bayesian network meta-analysis with random effects model and uninformative priors was conducted, and the ranking probability of each intervention was done. Meta-regression was done to assess the effect of duration on the reduction in symptom severity scores. Mirtazapine (−5.2 [95%CrI: −7.7, −2.7]) and memantine (−2.1 [95%CrI: −4.0, −0.19]) were more efficacious than placebo for augmentation of clozapine in partial/non-responders and were the most effective adjunctive agents as per SUCRA scores. Both drugs did not cause a significant increase in frequency of adverse events compared to placebo. There was a significant effect of duration on the reduction in symptom severity. There was no evident publication bias. Mirtazapine and memantine may prove beneficial for augmentation of clozapine in non/partial responders to monotherapy.

The top 10 most-cited articles on the management of fractured instruments: a bibliometric analysis

Mishra, Lora,Kim, Hyeon-Cheol,Singh, Naomi Ranjan,Rath, Priti Pragati The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2019 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.44 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to identify the top 10 most-cited articles on the management of fractured or broken instruments and to perform a bibliometric analysis thereof. Materials and Methods: Published articles related to fractured instruments were screened from online databases, such as Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, and highly cited papers, with at least 50 citations since publication, were identified. The most-cited articles were selected and analysed with regard to publication title, authorship, the journal of publication, year, institution, country of origin, article type, and number of citations. Results: The top 10 most-cited articles were from various journals. Most were published in the Journal of Endodontics, followed by the International Endodontic Journal, and Dental Traumatology. The leading countries were Australia, Israel, Switzerland, the USA, and Germany, and the leading institution was the University of Melbourne. The majority of articles among the top 10 articles were clinical research studies (n = 8), followed by a basic research article and a non-systematic review article. Conclusions: This bibliometric analysis revealed interesting information about scientific progress in endodontics regarding fractured instruments. Overall, clinical research studies and basic research articles published in high-impact endodontic journals had the highest citation rates.