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KOREAN SECURITY: IN THE NATIONAL INTERESTS?
Sano, John R. The Institute for Far Eastern Studies Kyungnam Uni 1978 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.2 No.2
The relationship that exists between national interests and national security is a very complex and often ambiguous one. As individual countries formulate foreign policy in terms of their own national interests, specifically the attainment and defense of particular goals defined in terms of those interests, this complexity increases significantly. A few national interests, generally those involving geographic factors, may be closely associated with physical security and command a lasting and general domestic consensus that their defense is vital for security.
Sano, Tetsuro,Lin, Huai,Chen, Xiashan,Langford, Lauren A.,Bondy, Dimpy Koul Melissa L.,Hess, Kenneth R.,Myers, Jeffery N.,Hong, Yong-Kil,Yung, W.K. Alfred,Steck, Peter A. 가톨릭대학교 2000 Bulletin of The Catholic Research Institutes of Me Vol.28 No.-
MMAC/PTEN, a tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 10q, has recently been shown to act as a phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate phosphatase and to modulate cell growth and apoptosis. Somatic mutations of MMAC/PTEN have been reported in a number of human cancers, especially in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), although the number of identified mutations (10-35%) is significantly lower than the frequency of LOH affecting the MMAC/PTEN locus in the specimens (75-95%). To further investigate the possible alterations that may affect MMAC/PTEN, we examined the expression of the gene by reverse transcription-PCR in a series of gliomas. A significant difference (P<0.001) was observed between the expression of MMAC/PTEN in GBMs versus lower grades of gliomas, thus mimicking the difference in allelic deletion associated with the locus in these tumors. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival plots, adjusted for age and tumor grade, showed a significantly better prognosis for patients whose tumors expressed high level of MMAC/PTEN. Additionally, immunostaining of GBMs revealed little or no MMAC/PTEN expression in about two-thirds of the tumors, whereas the other approximately one-third of tumors had significantly higher levels of expression. However, in about two-thirds of the gigh-expressing specimens, a heterogeneous pattern of expression was observed, indicating that certain cells within the tumor failed to express MMAC/PTEN. The combination of these results suggest that, in addition to molecular alterations affecting the gene, altered expression of MMAC/PTEN may play a significant role in the progression of GBM and patient outcome. (Cancer Research 59:1820-1824, 1999)
A generalization of Opsut's result on the competition numbers of line graphs
Kim, S.R.,Lee, J.Y.,Park, B.,Sano, Y. North Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 Discrete Applied Mathematics Vol.181 No.-
In this paper, we prove that if a graph G is diamond-free, then the competition number of G is bounded above by 2+12@?<SUB>v@?V'h(G)</SUB>(θ<SUB>V</SUB>(N<SUB>G</SUB>(v))-2) where V<SUB>h</SUB>(G) is the set of nonsimplicial vertices of G. This result generalizes Opsut's result for line graphs. We also show that the upper bound holds for certain graphs which might have diamonds. As a matter of fact, we go further to a conjecture that the above upper bound holds for the competition number of any graph, which leads to a natural generalization of Opsut's conjecture.
The competition hypergraphs of doubly partial orders
Kim, S.R.,Lee, J.Y.,Park, B.,Sano, Y. North Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 Discrete Applied Mathematics Vol.165 No.-
Since Cho and Kim (2005) [2] showed that the competition graph of a doubly partial order is an interval graph, it has been actively studied whether or not the same phenomenon occurs for other variants of competition graphs and interesting results have been obtained. Continuing in the same spirit, we study the competition hypergraph, an interesting variant of the competition graph, of a doubly partial order. Though it turns out that the competition hypergraph of a doubly partial order is not always interval, we completely characterize the competition hypergraphs of doubly partial orders which are interval.
The competition numbers of complete tripartite graphs
Kim, S.R.,Sano, Y. North Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2008 Discrete Applied Mathematics Vol.156 No.18
For a graph G, it is known to be a hard problem to compute the competition number k(G) of the graph G in general. In this paper, we give an explicit formula for the competition numbers of complete tripartite graphs.
The competition graphs of oriented complete bipartite graphs
Kim, S.R.,Lee, J.Y.,Park, B.,Sano, Y. North Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Discrete Applied Mathematics Vol.201 No.-
<P>In this paper, we study the competition graphs of oriented complete bipartite graphs. We characterize graphs that can be represented as the competition graphs of oriented complete bipartite graphs. We also present the graphs having the maximum number of edges and the graphs having the minimum number of edges among such graphs. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>