Kinetics, mechanism, isotherm and thermodynamic analysis of adsorption of cadmium ions by surface-modified Strychnos potatorum seeds

Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar,Rangasamy Gayathri,Chandrasekaran Senthamarai,Muthukumar Priyadharshini,Panimayam Sebastina Anne Fernando,Ramakrishnan Srinath,Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.29 No.12

The surface-modified Strychnos potatorum seeds (SMSP) were used as an effective low-cost adsorbent for the removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solution. SMSP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopic analyses. The effect of operating variables such as solution pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial cadmium ions concentration and temperature on the removal of cadmium ions were studied in a batch mode adsorption operation. The optimum conditions for the adsorption of cadmium ions onto the SMSP were found to be: pH of 5.0, SMSP dose of 2 g/L, contact time of 30min, temperature of 30 oC for an initial cadmium ions concentration of 100 mg/L. Kinetic data were analyzed using the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic equations, intraparticle diffusion model, Boyd kinetic model and shrinking core model. The characteristic parameters for each model have been estimated. Adsorption of cadmium ions onto the SMSP follows the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The rate-limiting steps in the adsorption process were found to be external and internal diffusion. Equilibrium data were well described by the Langmuir isotherm model than the Freundlich isotherm model, which yields a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 200 mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard free energy change, enthalpy change and entropy change were also estimated. The results show that the removal of cadmium ions by the SMSP was found to be spontaneous and exothermic.

Removal of cadmium(II) from aqueous solution by agricultural waste cashew nut shell

Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar,Subramanian Sivanesan,Subramaniam Ramalingam,Vasanthakumar Sathyaselvabala,Selvaraj Dinesh Kirupha,Arukkani Murugesan 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.29 No.6

Cashew nut shell (CNS) is a low cost adsorbent that has been used for the removal of cadmium(II) from an aqueous solution. The effects of various parameters such as solution pH, CNS concentration, contact time, initial cadmium(II) concentration and temperature were examined. The CNS was effective for the quantitative removal of cadmium(II) ions in acidic conditions and equilibrium was achieved in 30 min. The experimental data were analyzed by two-parameter (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich) and three-parameter models (Redlich-Peterson, Koble-Corrigan, Toth and Sips) by nonlinear regression analysis. The characteristic parameters for each isotherms and related correlation coefficients have been determined by using MATLAB 7.1. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔGo, ΔHo and ΔSo have also been evaluated, and it was found that the sorption process was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich kinetic and intraparticle diffusion models were selected to follow the adsorption process. The results of the kinetic study show that the adsorption of cadmium(II)could be described by the pseudo-second order equation, suggesting that the adsorption process is presumably chemisorption. A single-stage batch adsorber was designed for different adsorbent dose-to-effluent volume ratios using the Freundlich equation. The results indicate that the cashew nut shell could be used to effectively adsorb cadmium(II)from an aqueous solution.

A new electrode reactor with in-built recirculation mode for the enhancement of methylene blue dye removal from the aqueous solution: Comparison of adsorption, electrolysis and combined effect

Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar,Maria Jacob Stani Raja,Mahathevan Kumaresan,Dinesh Kumar Loganathan,Prabhakaran Chandrasekaran 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.2

The removal of basic dye such as methylene blue (MB) dye from the synthetic wastewater was experimentallyinvestigated using an electrolytic cell (EC), adsorption and the combined effect of EC and adsorption technologycalled a three-phase three-dimensional electrode reactor (TPTDER). The performance of the each technology was checkedon the basis of the efficiency of the systems. The experimental results are expressed in terms of the removal efficiencyof the dye molecules. The results show that the TPTDER could efficiently remove the dye molecules from the aqueoussolutions when compared with the EC and adsorption process. The removal efficiency reached as high as about 99%for an initial MB dye concentration in the range of 100-1,000 mg/L by TPTDER for 10 min at 12 V cell voltage andat specific airflow conditions. It was also observed that the removal of dye molecules depends upon the initial solutionpH, applied cell voltage, contact time, and initial dye concentration. The recyclability of the particle electrodes in theTPTDER process was also checked. These findings suggest that TPTDER is a promising technology for the removalof dyes from the aqueous solution, and can be applied to the removal of dyes from the industrial effluents.

Removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared from cashew nut shell as a new low-cost adsorbent

Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar,Subramaniam Ramalingam,Kannaiyan Sathishkumar 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.28 No.1

Methylene blue dye was adsorbed on an adsorbent prepared from cashew nut shell. A batch adsorption study was carried out with variable adsorbent amount, initial dye concentration, contact time and pH. Studies showed that the pH of aqueous solutions affected dye removal as a result of removal efficiency increased with increasing solution pH. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, Koble-Corrigan, Toth, Temkin,Sips and Dubinin-Radushkevich models of adsorption using MATLAB 7.1. The experimental data yielded excellent fits within the following isotherm order: Redlich-Peterson>Toth>Sips>Koble-Corrigan>Langmuir>Temkin>Dubinin-Radushkevich>Freundlich, based on its correlation coefficient values. Three simplified kinetic models including a pseudofirst-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations were selected to follow the adsorption process. It was shown that the adsorption of methylene blue could be described by the pseudo-second-order equation. The results indicate that cashew nut shell activated carbon could be employed as a low cost alternative to commercial activated carbon in the removal of dyes from wastewater.

Influence of ultrasonication on preparation of novel material for heavy metal removal from wastewater

Senthil Kumar Ponnusamy,Saravanan Anbalagan,Sundar Rajan Panneer Selvam,Abishek Sankaranarayan,Abhishek Dutta 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.9

The present research introduces a new concept on rapid removal of Pb(II) ions from wastewater using novel agro-based material. The two types of materials such as sulfuric acid modified Caryota urens seeds (SMCUS) and ultrasonic assisted Caryota urens seeds (UACUS) were prepared and performance was compared for Pb(II) ions removal. The functional groups available on the C. urens were discussed by using FT-IR report. Adsorption influencing parameters such as initial metal ion concentration, pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and temperature were studied to predict the optimum conditions. Several isotherm and kinetic models were applied to examine the experimental data. The present adsorption-adsorbate system best obeys the Freundlich and pseudo-first-order models. Langmuir monolayer capacity of the SMCUS and UACUS for Pb(II) ions was found to be 93.7 and 175.9mg/g, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters explain that the adsorption of Pb(II) ions was spontaneous and exothermic.

Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of Populus alba activated carbon for water defluorination: Application for real wastewater

Ziaeddin Bonyadi,Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar,Rauf Foroutan,Raheleh Kafaei,Hossein Arfaeinia,Sima Farjadfard,Bahman Ramavandi 한국화학공학회 2019 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.36 No.10

Efficient activated carbon was ultrasonically synthesized from the Populus alba tree, and fluoride ions were removed from samples of synthetic and real wastewaters. The effects of various parameters including pH (2-10), time (5-180 min), contaminant concentration (10-100mg/L), sorbent dose (1-7 g/L), and co-existing ions on the fluoride removal using Populus alba activated carbon (PAAC) were revealed. The physico-chemical characteristics of PAAC were determined using SEM, FTIR, BET, XRD, and EDX mapping. The specific surface area and pore volume of the mesoporous PAAC were obtained as 707.39m2/g and 0.40m3/g. The study found that the maximum removal efficiency of fluoride (93.37%) occurred under the fluoride concentration of 10mg/L, PAAC of 4 g/L, pH of 6, and contact time of 100 min. The isotherms and kinetics data could be suitably reflected by the Freundlich and the pseudosecond- order kinetic models, respectively. Langmuir maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of the ultrasonicassisted PAAC was measured as 77.12mg/g. Sorption of fluoride ions onto PAAC is feasible and an exothermic process. According to the field test, PAAC can significantly remove fluoride and other pollutants like BOD5, COD, Ni, Co, and Pb from glass and shipyard wastewater samples.

Sources and impacts of pharmaceutical components in wastewater and its treatment process: A review

Kirubanandam Grace Pavithra,Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar,Panneerselvam Sundar Rajan,Anbalagan Saravanan,Mu. Naushad 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.11

Pharmaceutical compounds and their derivatives are major pollutants in the environment, as their metabolites affect the terrestrial as well as aquatic organisms in one or another way. In recent times, many papers have discussed the treatment procedures for single pharmaceutical and mixture of pharmaceutical components, but only few papers have discussed the fate and the exposure of pharmaceutical contaminants in our environment. In this paper, we discuss the sources and the forms of pharmaceutical products and their resultant in the environment and their addition to the microbial and to human communities. A detailed discussion of various treatment techniques from conventional to current techniques, their advantages and disadvantages is given here. Researchers are finding the techniques in order to completely degrade the contaminants and their transformed products from the environment. Among the technique, s nanotechnology was found to be an efficient technique, and the combination of nanotechnology with other conventional technologies gives higher removal efficiency.

Kinetic and equilibrium studies on the biosorption of textile dyes onto Plantago ovata seeds

Subramanian Sivanesan,Manickam Periyaraman Premkumar,Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar,Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar,Palanichamy Baskaralingam,Vasanthakumar Sathyaselvabala,Thangaraj Vidhyadevi 한국화학공학회 2013 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.30 No.6

The powdered seeds of Plantago ovata (PSPO) were utilized for the removal of Malachite Green (MG)and Rose Bengal (RB) dyes from aqueous media by batch adsorption. The Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that both the dyes were adsorbed between the cellulose matrices, and this has been verified from the intensifying and narrowing aromatic C-H bending vibration. The morphology of the dye laden adsorbent was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed that the dyes were adsorbed between the cellulose matrices of the adsorbent. The PSPO was found to be very effective for the removal of MG and RB at pH 7, and equilibrium was attained within 200 min. The kinetic study indicated that the rate limiting step for MG and RB adsorption may be chemisorption and intraparticle diffusion. Adsorption equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson and Temkin adsorption isotherms. It is inferred from the equilibrium studies that the adsorption of MG follows the Freundlich isotherm and the adsorption of RB follows the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of the PSPO was found to be 86.23 mg/g for MG and 81.23 mg/g for RB, respectively.

Modulatory effect of dianthrone rich alcoholic flower extract of Cassia auriculata L. on experimental diabetes

Syed Zameer Ahmed Khader,Sidhra Syed Zameer Ahmed,Senthil Kumar Balasubramanian,Thanga kumar Arunachalam,Geetha Kannappan,Mohamed Rafi Mahboob,Ponmurugan Ponnusamy,Kishore Ramesh 한국한의학연구원 2017 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.6 No.2

Background: Diabetes is rapidly rising all over the world at an alarming rate and has changedfrom a mild disorder to major causes of mortality and morbidity in the youth and middle-aged people, and the prevalence is seen especially in six inhabited continents of the globe.The present study aims to explore the antidiabetic, lipid lowering effect of Cassia auriculataL. flowers in alloxan-induced diabetes.Methods: Diabetes was induced using alloxan monohydrate in experimental rats and sub-sequent therapeutic effects of C. auriculata extract and standard drug glibenclamide weremonitored. Bioassay-directed fractionation using silica gel column chromatography wasperformed until pure fractions were isolated. The effect of the treatment was analyzedby hematological parameters and enzyme assays. The pure compounds were confirmedwith thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography pattern andfurther subjected for characterization.Results: The alterations in blood glucose were monitored throughout the study. There wasa gradual fall in blood glucose and significant changes were observed in lipid profile andmetabolic enzyme after treatment with C. auriculata. Bioassay fractionation representedthat the C2 subfraction produced a dose-dependent fall in blood glucose and lipid profile andupon further purification yielded two pure compounds. The structure of the pure compoundwas elucidated using Fourier transform infrared,1H nuclear magnetic resonance,13C nuclearmagnetic resonance, and mass spectral data.