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Mü,ller, Detlef,Kolgotin, Alexei,Mattis, Ina,Petzold, Andreas,Stohl, Andreas The Optical Society 2011 Applied optics Vol.50 No.14
<P>Inversion with two-dimensional (2-D) regularization is a new methodology that can be used for the retrieval of profiles of microphysical properties, e.g., effective radius and complex refractive index of atmospheric particles from complete (or sections) of profiles of optical particle properties. The optical profiles are acquired with multiwavelength Raman lidar. Previous simulations with synthetic data have shown advantages in terms of retrieval accuracy compared to our so-called classical one-dimensional (1-D) regularization, which is a method mostly used in the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET). The 1-D regularization suffers from flaws such as retrieval accuracy, speed, and ability for error analysis. In this contribution, we test for the first time the performance of the new 2-D regularization algorithm on the basis of experimental data. We measured with lidar an aged biomass-burning plume over West/Central Europe. For comparison, we use particle in situ data taken in the smoke plume during research aircraft flights upwind of the lidar. We find good agreement for effective radius and volume, surface-area, and number concentrations. The retrieved complex refractive index on average is lower than what we find from the in situ observations. Accordingly, the single-scattering albedo that we obtain from the inversion is higher than what we obtain from the aircraft data. In view of the difficult measurement situation, i.e., the large spatial and temporal distances between aircraft and lidar measurements, this test of our new inversion methodology is satisfactory.</P>
TESCHE, MATTHIAS,MÜ,LLER, DETLEF,GROSS, SILKE,ANSMANN, ALBERT,ALTHAUSEN, DIETRICH,FREUDENTHALER, VOLKER,WEINZIERL, BERNADETT,VEIRA, ANDREAS,PETZOLD, ANDREAS Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorolog Vol.63 No.4
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>Lidar measurements of mixed dust/smoke plumes over the tropical Atlantic ocean were carried out during the winter campaign of SAMUM‐2 at Cape Verde. Profiles of backscatter and extinction coefficients, lidar ratios, and Ångström exponents related to pure biomass‐burning aerosol from southern West Africa were extracted from these observations. Furthermore, these findings were used as input for an inversion algorithm to retrieve microphysical properties of pure smoke. Seven measurement days were found suitable for the procedure of aerosol‐type separation and successive inversion of optical data that describe biomass‐burning smoke. We inferred high smoke lidar ratios of 87 ± 17 sr at 355 nm and 79 ± 17 sr at 532 nm. Smoke lidar ratios and Ångström exponents are higher compared to the ones for the dust/smoke mixture. These numbers indicate higher absorption and smaller sizes for pure smoke particles compared to the dust/smoke mixture. Inversion of the smoke data set results in mean effective radii of 0.22 ± 0.08 μm with individual results varying between 0.10 and 0.36 μm. The single‐scattering albedo for pure biomass‐burning smoke was found to vary between 0.63 and 0.89 with a very low mean value of 0.75 ± 0.07. This is in good agreement with findings of airborne in situ measurements which showed values of 0.77 ± 0.03. Effective radii from the inversion were similar to the ones found for the fine mode of the in situ size distributions.</P>
Interfacial Void Segregation of Cl in Cu-Sn Micro-Connects
Glenn Ross,Xiaoma Tao,Mikael Broas,Nikolai Mäntyoja,Vesa Vuorinen,Andreas Graff,Frank Altmann,Matthias Petzold,Mervi Paulasto-Kröckel 대한금속·재료학회 2017 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.13 No.4
A scanning transmission electron microscopy and an energy dispersiveX-ray analysis of one non-annealed and one annealed sample (423 Kfor 4 hours) was performed. The results showed small and large voidsappearing within the non-annealed and annealed samples respectively. In addition, chlorine segregated from the bulk into the voids. Ab initiocalculations determined the formation energies for dilute solutions ofchlorine and vacancies in Cu, Cu3Sn and Cu6Sn5. Results suggest thatdilute solutions energetically favor vacancies, indicating a low chlorinesolubility and a driving force for segregation.
Comparison of Continuous and Filter-Based Carbon Measurements at the Fresno Supersite
Park, Kihong,Chow, Judith C.,Watson, John G.,Trimble, Dana L.,Doraiswamy, Prakash,Park, Kihong,Arnott, W. Pat,Stroud, Kenneth R.,Bowers, Kenneth,Bode, Richard,Petzold, Andre,Hansen, Anthony D.A. Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2006 Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association Vol.56 No.4
A motor neuron strategy to save time and energy in neurodegeneration: adaptive protein stoichiometry
Zucchi, Elisabetta,Lu, Ching‐,Hua,Cho, Yunju,Chang, Rakwoo,Adiutori, Rocco,Zubiri, Irene,Ceroni, Mauro,Cereda, Cristina,Pansarasa, Orietta,Greensmith, Linda,Malaspina, Andrea,Petzold, Axel Raven Press [etc.] 2018 Journal of neurochemistry Vol.146 No.5
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Neurofilament proteins (Nf) are a biomarker of disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This study investigated whether there are major differences in expression from <I>in vivo</I> measurements of neurofilament isoforms, from the light chain, NfL (68 kDa), compared with larger proteins, the medium chain (NfM, 150 kDa) and the heavy (NfH, 200‐210 kDa) chains in ALS patients and healthy controls. New immunological methods were combined with Nf subunit stoichiometry calculations and Monte Carlo simulations of a coarse‐grained Nf brush model. Based on a physiological Nf subunit stoichiometry of 7 : 3 : 2 (NfL:NfM:NfH), we found an ‘adaptive’ Nf subunit stoichiometry of 24 : 2.4 : 1.6 in ALS. Adaptive Nf stoichiometry preserved NfL gyration radius in the Nf brush model. The energy and time requirements for Nf translation were 56 ± 27k ATP (5.6 h) in control subjects compared to 123 ± 102k (12.3 h) in ALS with ‘adaptive’ (24:2.4:1.6) Nf stoichiometry (not significant) and increased significantly to 355 ± 330k (35.5 h) with ‘luxury’ (7:3:2) Nf subunit stoichiometry (<I>p</I> < 0.0001 for each comparison). Longitudinal disease progression‐related energy consumption was highest with a ‘luxury’ (7:3:2) Nf stoichiometry. Therefore, an energy and time‐saving option for motor neurons is to shift protein expression from larger to smaller (cheaper) subunits, at little or no costs on a protein structural level, to compensate for increased energy demands.</P><P/>