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Osamu Mikami,Hiroyuki Yamaguchi,Hideo Murata,Yasuyuki Nakajima,Shigeru Miyazaki 대한수의학회 2010 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.11 No.2
Six 1-month-old piglets were intravenously injected with deoxynivalenol (DON) at the concentration of 1 mg/kg body weight, with three pigs each necropsied at 6 and 24 h post-injection (PI) for investigation of hepatotoxicity and immunotoxicity with special attention to apoptotic changes and cytokine mRNA expression. Histopathological examination of the DON-injected pigs revealed systemic apoptosis of lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues and hepatocytes. Apoptosis of lymphocytes and hepatocytes was confirmed by the TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method and immunohistochemical staining against singlestranded DNA and cleaved caspase-3. The number of TUNELpositive cells in the thymus and Peyer’s patches of the ileum was increased at 24 h PI compared to 6 h PI, but the peak was at 6 h PI in the liver. The mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the spleen, thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and elevated expression of IL-1β mRNA at 6 h PI and a decrease of IL-18 mRNA at 24 h PI were observed in the spleen. IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expressions increased significantly at 6 h PI in the thymus, but TNF-α decreased at 6 h PI in the mesenteric lymph nodes. These results show the apoptosis of hepatocytes suggesting the hepatotoxic potential of DON, in addition to an immunotoxic effect on the modulation of proinflammatory cytokine genes in lymphoid organs with extensive apoptosis of lymphocytes induced by acute exposure to DON in pigs.
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Effect of His 192 Mutation on the Activity of Alginate Lyase A1-III from Sphingomonas Species A1
YOON, HYE-JIN,CHOI, YONG-JIN,MIYAKE, OSAMU,HASHIMOTO, WATARU,MURATA, KOUSAKU,MIKAMI, BUNZO 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2001 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.11 No.1
The alginate lyase A1-Ⅲ gene of Sphingomonas species A1 is composed of 1,077 nucleotides, encoding a protein (359 amino acids) with a molecular mass of 40,322Da. Recombinant A1-Ⅲ expressed in Escherichia coli exhibited the same full enzymatic activity as native A1-Ⅲ. In order to identify the critical residue for activity, a site-directed mutation was introduced into the A1-Ⅲ gene (H192A, His192→Ala). Recombinant A1-Ⅲ (H192A) exhibited a significant decrease in enzyme activity (one-thirty thousandth of that of A1-Ⅲ), without any conformational change, as detected by the CD spectra in the far UV region. Also, the chemical modification of wild-type Al-III with methyl 4-nitro benzene sulfonate resulted in a 40% decrease from the initial activity, whereas the same modification of A1-Ⅲ (H192A) produced no change in the activity. The role of His192 on the catalytic process was also explored based on a model of A1-Ⅲ docked with mannuronic acid into the active site.
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