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Reorganization of Southern Ocean Plankton Ecosystem at the Onset of Antarctic Glaciation
Houben, Alexander J. P.,Bijl, Peter K.,Pross, Jö,rg,Bohaty, Steven M.,Passchier, Sandra,Stickley, Catherine E.,Rö,hl, Ursula,Sugisaki, Saiko,Tauxe, Lisa,van de Flierdt, Tina,Olney, Matthew,San American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2013 Science Vol.340 No.6130
<P><B>Southern Change</B></P><P>Antarctica has been mostly covered by ice since the inception of large-scale continental glaciation during the Oligocene, which profoundly altered the isotopic and mineralogical records of the sediments surrounding the continent. <B>Houben <I>et al.</I></B> (p. 341) found records of the corresponding living systems in the fossil marine dinoflagellate cysts, which revealed that a microplankton ecosystem, similar to the one that exists today, appeared simultaneously with the first major Antarctic glaciation approximately 34 million years ago.</P>
Antifungal Activity of Silver Salts of Keggin-Type Heteropolyacids Against Sporothrix spp.
Luciana Da Silva Mathias,João Carlos De Aquino Almeida,Luis César Passoni,Cristiani Miranda David Gossani,Gabriel Bonan Taveira,Valdirene Moreira Gomes,Olney Vieira-Da-Motta 한국미생물·생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.4
Sporotrichosis is a chronic and subacute mycosis causing epidemiological outbreaks involving sick cats and humans in southeastern Brazil. The systemic disease prevails in cats and in humans, with the symptoms restricted to the skin of immunocompetent individuals. Under these conditions, the prolonged treatment of animals and cases of recurrence justify the discovery of new treatments for sporotrichosis. This work addresses the antifungal activity of silver salts of Keggin-type heteropolyacid salts (Ag-HPA salts) such as Ag3[PW12O40], Ag6[SiW10V2O40], Ag4[SiW12O40] and Ag3[PMo12O40] and interactions with the antifungal drugs itraconazole (ITC), terbinafine (TBF) and amphotericin B (AMB) on the yeast and mycelia forms of Sporothrix spp. Sporothrix spp. yeast cells were susceptible to Ag-HPA salts at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 8 to 128 μg/ml. Interactions between Ag3[PW12O40] and Ag3[PMo12O40] with itraconazole and amphotericin B resulted in higher antifungal activity with a reduction in growth and melanization. Treated cells showed changes in cell membrane integrity, vacuolization, cytoplasm disorder, and membrane detachment. Promising antifungal activity for treating sporotrichosis was observed for the Ag-HPA salts Ag3[PMo12O40] and Ag3[PW12O40], which have a low cost, high yield and activity at low concentrations. However, further evaluation of in vivo tests is still required.