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Lee, Wook-Bin,Kang, Ji-Seon,Yan, Ji-Jing,Lee, Myeong Sup,Jeon, Bo-Young,Cho, Sang-Nae,Kim, Young-Joon Public Library of Science 2012 PLoS pathogens Vol.8 No.4
<▼1><P>Trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate (TDM), a cord factor of <I>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</I> (Mtb), is an important regulator of immune responses during Mtb infections. Macrophages recognize TDM through the Mincle receptor and initiate TDM-induced inflammatory responses, leading to lung granuloma formation. Although various immune cells are recruited to lung granulomas, the roles of other immune cells, especially during the initial process of TDM-induced inflammation, are not clear. In this study, Mincle signaling on neutrophils played an important role in TDM-induced lung inflammation by promoting adhesion and innate immune responses. Neutrophils were recruited during the early stage of lung inflammation following TDM-induced granuloma formation. Mincle expression on neutrophils was required for infiltration of TDM-challenged sites in a granuloma model induced by TDM-coated-beads. TDM-induced Mincle signaling on neutrophils increased cell adherence by enhancing F-actin polymerization and CD11b/CD18 surface expression. The TDM-induced effects were dependent on Src, Syk, and MAPK/ERK kinases (MEK). Moreover, coactivation of the Mincle and TLR2 pathways by TDM and Pam3CSK4 treatment synergistically induced CD11b/CD18 surface expression, reactive oxygen species, and TNFα production by neutrophils. These synergistically-enhanced immune responses correlated with the degree of Mincle expression on neutrophil surfaces. The physiological relevance of the Mincle-mediated anti-TDM immune response was confirmed by defective immune responses in Mincle<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice upon aerosol infections with Mtb. Mincle-mutant mice had higher inflammation levels and mycobacterial loads than WT mice. Neutrophil depletion with anti-Ly6G antibody caused a reduction in IL-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression upon TDM treatment, and reduced levels of immune cell recruitment during the initial stage of infection. These findings suggest a new role of Mincle signaling on neutrophils during anti-mycobacterial responses.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Tuberculosis is one of the world's most pernicious diseases. <I>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</I> (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, has a lipid-rich cell wall that contains immunostimulatory properties. One of the lipid cell wall components, trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate (TDM), is a Mincle ligand and an immunogenic factor of Mtb that induces inflammatory responses leading to granuloma formation. Defining the major target and cellular functions of TDM may be requisite for delaying or preventing mycobacterial TDM-induced inflammation. Here, we demonstrated that neutrophils are important for the early phase of TDM-induced lung inflammation. Neutrophils are recruited during the initial stage of TDM-induced lung inflammation and Mincle is required for neutrophil access to TDM-challenged sites by enhancing neutrophil integrin expression, cytoskeleton remodeling, and cell adhesion. Furthermore, neutrophils aggravate TDM-induced lung inflammation by producing proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines. These findings open new perspectives for the role of Mincle signaling on neutrophils during TDM-induced inflammatory responses.</P></▼2>
Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens in Sputum Samples from Tuberculosis Patients
( Sang Nae Cho ),( Sun Hee Baik ),( Sun Park ),( Joon Chang ),( Se Kyu Kim ),( Sung Kyu Kim ),( Won Young Lee ),( Yun Sop Chong ),( Chul Ho Cho ),( Jin Joo Kim ),( Joo Deuk Kim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 1994 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.41 No.6
Innervated Cross-Finger Pulp Flap for Reconstruction of the Fingertip
Lee, Nae-Ho,Pae, Woo-Sik,Roh, Si-Gyun,Oh, Kwang-Jin,Bae, Chung-Sang,Yang, Kyung-Moo Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2012 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.39 No.6
Background Fingertip injuries involving subtotal or total loss of the digital pulp are common types of hand injuries and require reconstruction that is able to provide stable padding and sensory recovery. There are various techniques used for reconstruction of fingertip injuries, but the most effective method is functionally and aesthetically controversial. Despite some disadvantages, cross-finger pulp flap is a relatively simple procedure without significant complications or requiring special techniques. Methods This study included 90 patients with fingertip defects who underwent cross-finger pulp flap between September 1998 and March 2010. In 69 cases, neurorrhaphy was performed between the pulp branch from the proper digital nerve and the recipient's sensory nerve for good sensibility of the injured fingertip. In order to evaluate the outcome of our surgical method, we observed two-point discrimination in the early (3 months) and late (12 to 40 months) postoperative periods. Results Most of the cases had cosmetically and functionally acceptable outcomes. The average defect size was $1.7{\times}1.5$ cm. Sensory return began 3 months after flap application. The two-point discrimination was measured at 4.6 mm (range, 3 to 6 mm) in our method and 7.2 mm (range, 4 to 9 mm) in non-innervated cross-finger pulp flaps. Conclusions The innervated cross-finger pulp flap is a safe and reliable procedure for lateral oblique, volar oblique, and transverse fingertip amputations. Our procedure is simple to perform under local anesthesia, and is able to provide both mechanical stability and sensory recovery. We recommend this method for reconstruction of fingertip injuries.
Lee, Si Nae,Lee, Kyung Hee,Chung, Seok,Nam, Hae Sung,Cho, Jae Hwa,Ryu, Jeong Seon,Kwak, Seung Min The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2014 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.76 No.5
Pancreaticothoracic fistula is a rare complication of acute or chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. It may present with various symptoms, like dyspnea, abdominal pain, cough, chest pain, fever, back pain, hemoptysis, fatigue, or orthopnea. Pancreaticothoracic fistula can be detected by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), or computed tomography. MRCP has high sensitivity and fewer side effects, and thus it has recently been recommended as the first choice for the detection of pancreaticothoracic fistula. On the other hand, ERCP enables the detection and treatment of pancreaticothoracic fistula and allows for stent insertion; for this reason it is a commonly used modality in pancreaticothoracic fistula cases. Herein, the authors describe a case of pancreaticothoracic fistula detected by ERCP and MRCP that manifested only respiratory symptoms, namely hemoptysis and pneumothorax without abdominal pain, which commonly accompanies pancreatitis.
Amine-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes protect neurons from injury in a rat stroke model
Lee, Hyun Jung,Park, Jiae,Yoon, Ok Ja,Kim, Hyun Woo,Lee, Do Yeon,Kim, Do Hee,Lee, Won Bok,Lee, Nae-Eung,Bonventre, Joseph V.,Kim, Sung Su Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2011 Nature nanotechnology Vol.6 No.2
<P>Stroke results in the disruption of tissue architecture and is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Transplanting scaffolds containing stem cells into the injured areas of the brain has been proposed as a treatment strategy, and carbon nanotubes show promise in this regard, with positive outcomes when used as scaffolds in neural cells and brain tissues. Here, we show that pretreating rats with amine-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes can protect neurons and enhance the recovery of behavioural functions in rats with induced stroke. Treated rats showed less tissue damage than controls and took longer to fall from a rotating rod, suggesting better motor functions after injury. Low levels of apoptotic, angiogenic and inflammation markers indicated that amine-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes protected the brains of treated rats from ischaemic injury.</P>
$^{18}F-FDG$ Positron Emission Tomography in Patients with Concomitant Malignancy and Tuberculoma
Lee, Jung-Cheol,Ryu, Jin-Sook,Park, I-Nae,Choi, Chang-Min,Oh, Yeon-Mok,Lee, Sang-Do,Kim, Woo-Sung,Kim, Dong-Soon,Shim, Tae-Sun The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2010 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.68 No.1
Background: To analyze the result of $^{18}F-FDG$ positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with a concomitant malignancy and tuberculoma in a tuberculosis (TB)-endemic area. Methods: Twelve patients with a concomitant malignancy and tuberculoma, who underwent whole-body $^{18}F-FDG$ PET, were evaluated retrospectively. The maximal standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of the malignancy and tuberculoma were compared. In 6 patients, $^{18}F-FDG$ PET was repeated during the anti-TB treatment and the changes in SUVmax were analyzed. Results: Of the 12 patients, 10 were male. The mean age was $67.2{\pm}7.9$ years. Tuberculomas were located in the lung (n=10) and lymph nodes (n=2), and tumors were located in the lung (n=6), colon (n=3), stomach (n=1), ovary (n=1) and liver (n=1). Although the mean SUVmax of malignant lesions was higher than that of tuberculomas ($5.2{\pm}3.2$ vs $3.5{\pm}2.0$), the difference was not significant. In 4 patients, the SUVmax was higher in the tuberculoma than the tumor. After anti-TB treatment in 6 patients, the mean SUVmax of the tuberculomas decreased significantly, from $3.5{\pm}2.0$ to $1.6{\pm}0.9$ (p=0.028). Conclusion: In patients with a concomitant malignancy and tuberculoma, SUVmax alone could not differentiate between them. However, $^{18}F-FDG$ PET may be useful in monitoring the response to anti-TB treatment.
Antioxidant Activity and Biological Activity of Specialty Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Extracts
Lee, Na-Young,Kim, Yang-Kil,Choi, In-Duck,Cho, Sang-Kyun,Kweon, Hun-Jung,Lee, Kwang-Won,Hyun, Jong-Nae,Choi, Jae-Seong,Park, Ki-Hun,Kim, Kee-Jong,Lee, Mi-Ja The Korean Society of Crop Science 2010 Korean journal of crop science Vol.55 No.2
Specialty barley extracts were prepared and investigated for its antioxidant activity and biological activity. Hunter $L^*$ values of the Iksan 86 extracts had higher than that of the Iksan 87 and Zasoojeongchal extracts. The extraction yields of Iksan 86, Iksan 87, and Zasoojeongchal was 8.08, 6.62, and 7.30%, respectively. The contents of total phenolic compounds of the Iksan 86, Iksan 87, and Zasoojeongchal extracts were 16.24, 15.51, and 13.95 GAE mg/g of sample, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of Iksan 86, Iksan 87, and Zasoojeongchal extracts were 50.00, 33.27, and 7.56% at a 500 ppm, respectively. The samples showed an inhibition of xanthin oxidase. ACE inhibition effect of specialty barley extracts, Iksan 86, Iksan 87, and Zasoojeongchal, was 39.81, 41.06, and 27.78%, respectively. Tyrosinase inhibition rates (%) of Iksan 86, Iksan 87, and Zasoojeongchal extracts were 26.21, 24.57, and 20.00%, respectively. Results indicated that specialty barley extracts possesses various biological activities including antioxidative capacity, xanthin oxidase inhibition activity, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activity, and tyrosinase inhibition activity.