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T. Abe,N. Yamane,T. Nishiguchi,H. Kozeni,T. Yoshida,M. Adachi,H. Kasada,K. Ando 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.1
A practical blue waveguide Stark-eect optical modulator using ZnSe/ZnMgSSe asymmetric cou- pled quantum wells (ACQWs) has been demonstrated. The device structure is a p-i-n diode with a 50 periods ZnSe(6 ML)/ZnMgSSe(2 ML)/ZnSe(12 ML) ACQW active region grown on an n-GaAs substrate by using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The ridge-shape devices are fabricated by wet- etching with a fairly-short eective modulation waveguide length of 13 m and are located under a top stripe-electrode. The waveguide modulator exhibits a high modulation depth of 95 % (contrast ratio: 13 dB) under reverse bias condition of 68 V at room temperature at an operating wavelength of 458 nm. A practical blue waveguide Stark-eect optical modulator using ZnSe/ZnMgSSe asymmetric cou- pled quantum wells (ACQWs) has been demonstrated. The device structure is a p-i-n diode with a 50 periods ZnSe(6 ML)/ZnMgSSe(2 ML)/ZnSe(12 ML) ACQW active region grown on an n-GaAs substrate by using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The ridge-shape devices are fabricated by wet- etching with a fairly-short eective modulation waveguide length of 13 m and are located under a top stripe-electrode. The waveguide modulator exhibits a high modulation depth of 95 % (contrast ratio: 13 dB) under reverse bias condition of 68 V at room temperature at an operating wavelength of 458 nm.
Ali Bayrakdar,Mine Yaman,Ramazan Ilgün 한국통합생물학회 2015 Animal cells and systems Vol.19 No.5
In this research, we aimed to determine the regional distribution and relative frequency of immunoreactive (IR) endocrine cells of ghrelin, glucagon, somatostatin–14 (SOM–14), neuropeptide Y (NPY), calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP), insulin and galanin in small and large intestines of mole-rats (Spalax leucodon) by using immunohistochemical staining methods. For this purpose, small and large intestine regions of six adult mole-rats were used as material. In the small and large intestines of mole-rats (S. leucodon), ghrelin, glucagon, SOM–14, NPY and CGRP were identified at various frequencies, but insulin and galanin were not detected in this study. Ghrelin-IR cells were only observed in the small intestine. In addition, the existence of positive staining in the cells was decreased while passing from duodenum to ileum. Glucagon-IR cells were mainly detected in the small intestine regions and colon. SOM–14-IR cells were detected throughout the small intestines with a lesser frequency. NPY-IR cells were also detected in the small and large intestines at various frequencies but not in cecum and rectum. CGRP-IR cells were scarce in duodenum and jejunum, but their numbers increased from ileum to colon. In conclusion, the present study revealed the existence and distributions of neuropeptide-secreting endocrine cells in small and large intestines of mole-rats (S. leucodon).