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Mushtaq, M.M.H.,Pasha, T.N.,Akram, M.,Mushtaq, T.,Parvin, R.,Choi, H.C.,Hwangbo, J.,Kim, J.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.6
Requirements of dietary chloride (dCl) and chloride salts were determined by using $4{\times}2$ factorial arrangement under four phase feeding program. Four levels (0.31, 0.45, 0.59 and 0.73%) and two sources ($NH_4Cl$ and $CaCl_2$) of the dCl were allocated to 1,472 chicks in eight dietary treatments in which each treatment was replicated four times with 46 birds per replicate. The four phase feeding program was comprised of four dietary phases: Prestarter (d 1 to 10), Starter (d 11 to 20), Grower (d 21 to 33) and Finisher (d 34 to 42); and diets were separately prepared for each phase. The cations, anions, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and salinity were analyzed in drinking water and were not affected by dietary treatments. BW gain (BWG; $p{\leq}0.009$) and feed:gain (FG; $p{\leq}0.03$) were improved in $CaCl_2$ supplemented diets during d 1 to 10. The maximum response of BWG and FG was observed at 0.38% and 0.42% dCl, respectively, for d 34 to 42. However, the level of dCl for BWG during d 21 to 33 ($p{\leq}0.04$) and d 34 to 42 ($p{\leq}0.009$) was optimized at 0.60% and 0.42%, respectively. The level of dCl for optimized feed intake (FI; $p{\leq}0.006$), FG ($p{\leq}0.007$) and litter moisture (LM; $p{\leq}0.001$) was observed at 0.60%, 0.38% and 0.73%, respectively, for d 1 to 42. Water intake (DWI) was not affected by increasing dCl supplementation (p>0.05); however, the ratio between DWI and FI (DWI:FI) was found highest at 0.73% dCl during d 1 to 10 ($p{\leq}0.05$) and d 21 to 33 ($p{\leq}0.009$). Except for d 34 to 42 ($p{\leq}0.006$), the increasing level of dCl did not result in a significant difference in mortality during any phase. Blood pH and glucose, and breast and thigh weights (percentage of dressed weight) were improved while dressing percentage (DP) and gastrointestinal health were exacerbated with $NH_4Cl$ as compared to $CaCl_2$ supplemented diets ($p{\leq}0.001$). Higher plasma $Na^+$ and $HCO_3{^-}$ and lower $Cl^-$ and $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ were observed in $NH_4Cl$ supplemented diets ($p{\leq}0.001$). Increasing supplementation of dCl increased plasma $Cl^-$ ($p{\leq}0.04$; quadratically) and linearly reduced plasma $K^+$ ($p{\leq}0.001$), $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ ($p{\leq}0.003$), $HCO_3{^-}$ ($p{\leq}0.001$), and $Na^+$ ($p{\leq}0.001$; quadratically). Consequently, higher requirements of dietary chloride are suggested for feed intake; nevertheless, lower levels of dietary chloride are sufficient to support optimal BWG and FG with increasing age. The $NH_4Cl$ supplemented diets ameliorate breast and thigh meat yield along with overall energy balance (glucose).
Mushtaq, M.M.H.,Pasha, T.N.,Saima, Saima,Akram, M.,Mushtaq, T.,Parvin, R.,Farooq, U.,Mehmood, S.,Iqbal, K.J.,Hwangbo, J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.12
A basal diet (0.8 g/kg dNa) was formulated in which each of the two sources ($NaHCO_3$ and $Na_2SO_4$) were supplemented in such a way to attain four levels (1.7, 2.6, 3.5, and 4.4 g/kg) of total dNa, respectively, under $4{\times}2$ factorial arrangement. Eight dietary treatments were replicated four times, with 40 birds in each replicate (n = 1,280). The diets supplemented with $Na_2SO_4$ to attain higher levels of dNa showed highest BW gain and feed intake (FI) during d 1 to 10 (interaction effects) while 2.6 g/kg dNa exhibited improved BW gain and gain:feed (FG) during d 11 to 20. Linear rise in daily water intake (DWI) was associated with diets containing increasing dNa during d 1 to 42 ($p{\leq}0.036$). During the first 10 d, DWI:FI was found highest in $NaHCO_3$ diets while $Na_2SO_4$ diets showed highest DWI:FI during last 10 d of the experiment ($p{\leq}0.036$). Increasing dNa and changing $Na_2SO_4$ with $NaHCO_3$ salt increased pH and resulted in poor growth performance. Dressing weight ($p{\leq}0.001$) and abdominal fat ($p{\leq}0.001$; quadratic effect) were reduced, whereas breast ($p{\leq}0.001$) and thigh (p<0.001) weights were aggravated with increasing dNa (linear effects). Present findings suggested higher levels of dNa from $Na_2SO_4$ as the supplemental salt in broiler diets would produce better growth performance, especially in first ten days of life, and improve carcass and body organ characteristics.
JOINING OF CIRCUITS IN PSL(2, ℤ)-SPACE
MUSHTAQ, QAISER,RAZAQ, ABDUL Korean Mathematical Society 2015 대한수학회보 Vol.52 No.6
The coset diagrams are composed of fragments, and the fragments are further composed of circuits at a certain common point. A condition for the existence of a certain fragment ${\gamma}$ of a coset diagram in a coset diagram is a polynomial f in ${\mathbb{Z}}$[z]. In this paper, we answer the question: how many polynomials are obtained from the fragments, evolved by joining the circuits (n, n) and (m, m), where n < m, at all points.
Ligand-Mediated Folding of the OmpA Periplasmic Domain from <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>
Mushtaq, Ameeq Ul,Park, Jeong Soon,Bae, Sung-Hun,Kim, Hye-Yeon,Yeo, Kwon Joo,Hwang, Eunha,Lee, Ki Yong,Jee, Jun-Goo,Cheong, Hae-Kap,Jeon, Young Ho Published for the Biophysical Society by the Rocke 2017 Biophysical journal Vol.112 No.10
<P>The periplasmic domain of OmpA from Acinetobacter baumannii (AbOmpA-PD) binds to diaminopimelate and anchors the outer membrane to the peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall. Although the crystal structure of AbOmpA-PD with its ligands has been reported, the mechanism of ligand-mediated folding of AbOmpA remains elusive. Here, we report that in vitro refolded apo-AbOmpA-PD in the absence of ligand exists as a mixture of two partially folded forms in solution: mostly unfolded (apo-state I) and hololike (apo-state II) states. Binding of the diaminopimelate or glycine ligand induced complete folding of AbOmpA-PD. The apo-state I was highly flexible and contained some secondary structural elements, whereas the apo-state II closely resembled the holo-state in terms of both structure and backbone dynamics, except for the ligand-binding region. N-15-relaxation-dispersion analyses for apo-state II revealed substantial motion on a millisecond timescale of residues in the H3 helix near the ligand-binding site, with this motion disappearing upon ligand binding. These results provide an insight into the ligand-mediated folding mechanism of AbOmpA-PD in solution.</P>
Mushtaq, S.,Rho, J.K.,Kang, J.A.,Lee, J.J.,Kim, J.Y.,Nam, Y.R.,Yun, S.J.,Lee, G.H.,Park, S.H.,Lee, D.E.,Kim, H.S. Pergamon Press 2017 Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters Vol.27 No.22
Antibody-mimetic proteins are intensively being developed for biomedical applications including tumor imaging and therapy. Among them, repebody is a new class of protein that consists of highly diverse leucine-rich repeat (LRR) modules. Although all possible biomedical applications with repebody are ongoing, it's in vivo biodistribution and excretion pathway has not yet been explored. In this study, hexahistidine (His<SUB>6</SUB>)-tag bearing repebody (rEgH9) was labeled with [<SUP>99m</SUP>Tc]-tricarbonyl, and biodistribution was performed following intravenous (I.V.) or intraperitoneal (I.P.) injection. Repebody protein was radiolabeled with high radiolabeling efficiency (>90%) and radiolabeled compound was more than 99% pure after purification. Biodistribution data indicates radiotracer has a rapid clearance from blood and excreted through the kidneys for intravenous (I.V.) injection, but comparatively slow clearance for an intraperitoneal (I.P.) injection. SPECT-CT images were found to be in agreement with biodistribution data, high activity was found inside kidneys. The observed result for rapid blood clearance and renal excretion of repebody (rEgH9) provide useful information for the further development of therapeutic strategy.
Evaluation of steady-state characteristics for solid oxide carbon fuel cell short-stacks
Mushtaq, Usman,Mehran, Muhammad Taqi,Kim, Sun-Kyoung,Lim, Tak-Hyoung,Naqvi, Syed Asad Ali,Lee, Jong-Won,Lee, Seung-Bok,Park, Seok-Joo,Song, Rak-Hyun ELSEVIER 2017 APPLIED ENERGY -BARKING THEN OXFORD- Vol.187 No.-
<P>Solid oxide based carbon fuel cells (SO-CFCs) offer clean and efficient utilization of carbon based fuels for energy conversion. In this work, we have realized and operated 100 and 200 W-class solid oxide carbon fuel cell (SO-CFC) short stacks to investigate the fuel supply, electrochemical performance, continuous operation, long-term stability, and scale-up characteristics for SO-CFC based power generation systems. Different configurations for 100 and 200 W class short stacks were employed for integrated Boudouard gasification and carbon fuel supply at the stack level. For the 100 W class SO-CFC short stack, maximum stack power of 80.4, 93.5, and 111.5 W was achieved at 700, 750, and 800 degrees C, respectively, while the 200 W class SO-CFC short stack produced maximum power of 224.4 W at 750 degrees C when operated on carbon fuel. Both SO-CFC short stacks were operated continuously at galvanostatic conditions to study the fuel supply conditions and long-term degradation behavior of the tubular cells in the short stacks. A postmortem analysis of the SO-CFC anode was also performed by SEM and XRD to elucidate the reasons for stack performance degradation during relatively longer operation with carbon fuels. Through a detailed analysis of the dry gasification in the integrated gasifier, the electrochemical performance of the SO-CFC stacks, and the post operation diagnosis of the cells, this study provides details on the important challenges in scaling-up SO-CFC technology from a single-cell to a several hundred watt power generation system. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Mushtaq, Ameeq Ul,Lee, Yejin,Hwang, Eunha,Bang, Jeong Kyu,Hong, Eunmi,Byun, Youngjoo,Song, Ji-Joon,Jeon, Young Ho Academic Press 2018 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>MeCP2 is a chromatin associated protein which is highly expressed in brain and relevant with Rett syndrome (RTT). There are AT-hook motifs in MeCP2 which can bind with AT-rich DNA, suggesting a role in chromatin binding. Here, we report the identification and characterization of another AT-rich DNA binding motif (residues 295 to 313) from the C-terminal transcription repression domain of MeCP2 by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and isothermal calorimetry (ITC). This motif shows a micromolar affinity to AT-rich DNA, and it binds to the minor groove of DNA like AT-hook motifs. Together with the previous studies, our results provide an insight into a critical role of this motif in chromatin structure and function.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Basic cluster region (residues 295 to 313) in the MeCP2 binds to AT-rich DNA. </LI> <LI> NMR relaxation data identified that IKKRKTRE is critical for binding. </LI> <LI> Basic cluster peptide binds to the minor groove of DNA, similar to AT-hooks. </LI> </UL> </P>
Proteomic Analysis of Drought Stress-Responsive Proteins in Rice Endosperm Affecting Grain Quality
Mushtaq, Roohi,Katiyar, Sanjay,Bennett, John The Korean Society of Crop Science 2008 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.11 No.4
Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses in agriculture worldwide. We report here a proteomic approach to investigate the impact of post-fertilization drought on grain quality in rice seed endosperm (Oryza sativa cv. IR-64). Plants were stressed for 4 days at 3 days before heading. Total proteins of endosperm were extracted and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Not many protein spots showed differential accumulation in drought-stressed samples. More than 400 protein spots were reproducibly detected, including three that were up-regulated and five down-regulated. Mass spectrometry analysis and database searching helped us to identify six spots representing different proteins. Functionally, the identified proteins were related to protein synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism, such as Granule-Bound Starch Synthase (GBSS, Wx protein), which is thought to play a very important role in starch biosynthesis and quality, a very crucial factor in determining rice grain quality.