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Patch Antenna for 2.7GHz & 5.6GHz for CMMB
Muhammad Noman,Muhammad Usman,Muhammad Zeeshan 보안공학연구지원센터(IJSIP) 2015 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.8 No.1
The advantages of micro strip patch antennas have made them a perfect candidate for use in the local area network (WLAN) applications. This paper represents the new design of micro strip patch antenna for China Multimedia Mobile Broadcast (CMMB). In the designed micro strip patch antenna, we applied different techniques to achieve the resonant frequency of 2.7GHz with the bandwidth of 300MHz. Unique slots and conventional slits are introduced in such a way that not only enhanced the bandwidth but also provided us with the fruitful result of -74.78dB return loss. Its minor non-symmetry led to dual frequency i.e. 5.60GHz with the bandwidth of 600MHz and return loss of -15.41dB. Further the details regarding to the dimensions of the patch, ground and simulations are elaborated.
A Novel Green Stabilization of TiO2 Nanoparticles onto Cotton
Muhammad Tayyab Noman,Muhammad Azeem Ashraf,Hafsa Jamshaid,Azam Ali 한국섬유공학회 2018 Fibers and polymers Vol.19 No.11
Facile embedding of TiO2 nanoparticles onto cotton fabric has been successfully attained by ultraviolet light irradiations. The adhesion of nanoparticles with fibre surface, tensile behaviour and physicochemical changes before and after ultraviolet treatment were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray and inductive couple plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. Experimental variables i.e. dosage of TiO2 nanoparticles, temperature of the system and time of ultraviolet irradiations were optimised by central composite design and response surface methodology. Moreover, two different mathematical models were developed for incorporated TiO2 onto cotton and tensile strength of cotton after ultraviolet treatment and used further to testify the obtained results. Self-clean fabric through a synergistic combination of cotton with highly photo active TiO2 nanoparticles was produced. Stability against ultraviolet irradiations and self-cleaning properties of the produced fabric were evaluated.
Development of Maghemite Glass Fibre Nanocomposite for Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue
Muhammad Azeem Ashraf,Jakub Wiener,Assad Farooq,Jana Saskova,Muhammad Tayyab Noman 한국섬유공학회 2018 Fibers and polymers Vol.19 No.8
Maghemite glass fibre nanocomposite with excellent magnetic and adsorption properties was successfully developed from nontoxic and eco-friendly reagents by thermal decomposition approach. The developed nanocomposite was utilized in adsorption of methylene blue which follows Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The excellent value of adsorption capacity (51.31 mg g-1) as compared to other adsorbents recommends its potential role for adsorption phenomenon in multiple applications. The developed nanocomposite can be recycled and reused easily. Surface and other functional characteristics of developed nanocomposite were determined through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer. The obtained results revealed that maghemite glass nanocomposite is a potential tool that can be utilized in waste water treatments.
A Robust PLL Technique using a Digital Lock-In Amplifier under the Non-Sinusoidal Grid Conditions
Muhammad Noman Ashraf,Reyya n Ahmed Khan,Woojin Choi 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5
Due to the recent increasing use of nonlinear loads and Grid Connected Inverters (GCIs), the harmonics are also increasing in the grid. The detrimental effects of the harmonics in the grid include the heating in the equipment and conductors, the misfiring in variable speed drives, the torque pulsations in motors and the asynchronization of the GCIs. Therefore, the standard such as IEEE 519 and P1547 forces the GCIs to meet a certain level of output quality in terms of harmonics, phase and frequency variation. In order to inject the pure active power to the grid, the synchronization between the grid and a GCI by a highperformance Phase Locked Loops (PLLs) is essential. Several kinds of PLL methods to synchronize the GCI under the distorted grid condition have been proposed. However, their performances are significantly degraded under the distorted grid condition, especially with a DC off-set and harmonics. In this paper a novel Digital Lock-in Amplifier (DLA) based PLL is proposed to improve the performance of the PLL under the highly distorted grid condition including the power quality events. Since the proposed DLA-PLL is composed of a robust Phase Sensitive detector (PSD), it is immune to any frequency component except the fundamental and the DC off-set present in the grid can be completely rejected. The superiority of the proposed DLA-PLL is proved by the simulation and experiments by comparing it to the results obtained with the six kinds of conventional PLL methods widely used under distorted grid condition.
The Assessment of Occupational Injuries of Workers in Pakistan
Noman Muhammad,Mujahid Nooreen,Fatima Ambreen 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2021 Safety and health at work Vol.12 No.4
Background: The prevailing global work scenario and deteriorating health facilities in economies indulge the risk perspective in the labor market model. This is the reason that the risk factor is cautiously attributed to wages and labor market efficiencies specifically in developing and emerging economies. In this respect, Occupational Injuries of Workers (OIW) is considered essential to demonstrate the risk and Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) setups given the constraints of the labor. Intuitively, the prime objective of this study is to make an assessment of the labor market considering the OIW through the indicators of industry division, employment status, occupational distribution, adopted treatment, gender and regionality. Methods: The assessment strategy of the study has been categorized into trend analysis and Index Value Calculation (IVC) segments employing the data from 2001 to 2018. Results: The pattern of the selected indicators of the OIW has been observed in the available data while the IVC estimations are considered through time and reference categories. The findings of both exercises revealed absolute and relative heterogeneities at both industry and occupational levels. Conclusion: The consistency for gender and regional distribution of both assessments points out the need for effective policy initiatives. The study suggests separate analyses of industry and occupations for a better understanding of the OHS setups and up-gradation in Pakistan.
Ahmad Nawaz,Habib Ali,Muhammad Sufyan,Muhammad Dildar Gogi,Muhammad Jalal Arif,Abid Ali,Muhammad Qasim,Waqar Islam,Noman Ali,Imran Bodla,Madiha Zaynab,Khalid Ali Khan,Hamed A. Ghramh 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.1
The lepidopteran insect pests have significant importance in vegetable production. The present study was performed to investigate the baseline studies about the assessment of feeding and consumption potential, utilization indices and losses promises of leafworm, Spodoptera litura (Fab.) on Okra. The data regarding feeding potential, food utilization and consumption indices as well as losses of different larval instars were recorded and subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. The results showed that, in the beginning, the approximate digestibility of various instars was increase, e.g. third instar (51.36%–64.03%), fourth instar (63.42%–69.45%) and fifth instar (70.25%–76.10%). However, after a certain period, the digestibility was decreased and efficiency to convert the ingested food into biomass varied significantly. The consumption index values increased with an increase in time but the consumption and growth rate was declined of fourth instar larvae. The ingestion and digestion increased of third (10.01–13.06, 8.32–11.91 mg), fourth (11.27–17.28, 10.96–14.03 mg) and fifth (12.60–19.40, 11.93–15.28 mg) larval instars. The corrected weight of consumed leaves increased with a gain in body weight. However, in the third instar, a decline was observed on the last day of feeding. Maximum leaf area was consumed by fifth instar larvae (44.66 cm 2 ) followed by fourth (35.41 cm 2 ) and third (27.98 cm 2 ) instars. In conclusion, all the dependent parameters, including food utilization potential, consumption indices and losses were higher for fifth instar larvae than others. These results emphasized the re-establishment of fundamental (economic threshold level: ETL, economic injury level: EIL) integrated pest management concepts.
Mubbashar Hassan,Sanan Raza,Ahmad Yar Qamar,Muhammad Ilyas Naveed,Abdul Mateen,Muhammad Noman,Sayed Aun Muhammad,Abid Hussain Shahzad The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction and Biot 2024 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.39 No.1
Dystocia, a challenging condition in obstetrics, can arise from various causes, including fetal monsters with structural abnormalities. This case report presents a unique case of dystocia due to a fetal monster known as Perosomus Elumbis in a beetal breed goat from Pakistan. The 4-years-old pregnant doe presented with prolonged straining and failure to deliver the fetus after 8 hours of labor. Upon examination, the cervix was dilated, and only the forelimbs of the fetus were visible in the birth canal. The subsequent delivery involved the application of manual traction by using a dystocia kit, and the removal of edematous fluid from the legs. The monster fetus exhibited absence of hair growth, along with the absence of thoracic vertebrae. Two other fetuses were present, with one found dead and the other alive. Posttreatment involved fluid therapy, antibiotics, and supportive care for the doe. This case report sheds light on the occurrence of Perosomus Elumbis fetal monsters and their impact on dystocia in goat breeding. Understanding the underlying causes and implementing appropriate management strategies are crucial for successful outcomes in similar cases.