Signal Classification and Jamming Detection in Wide-Band Radios Using Naïve Bayes Classifier

Mughal, M. O.,Kim, Sunwoo IEEE 2018 IEEE communications letters Vol.22 No.7

<P>This correspondence proposes a new technique for signal classification and jamming detection in wide-band (WB) radios. Theory of compressed sensing is exploited to recover the sparsely populated WB spectrum from sub-Nyquist samples, thus reducing the very high-rate sampling requirements at the receiver analog to digital converter. From the recovered WB, key spectral features of each narrow-band (NB) signal are extracted. These spectral features are then used to train a simple yet powerful classifier, the naïve Bayes classifier (NBC). The trained NBC is then used not only to classify various NB signals into their respective modulations but also to detect the jamming on different NB signals, which are the main contributions of this letter. The proposed algorithm is then evaluated under different empirical setups and is shown to perform better when compared to a recently proposed feature-based jamming detection algorithm.</P>

Leadership Impact on Policy Implementation : Focused on Education Cases in Korea and Pakistan

Mughal Muhammad Nabil(무할 무함마드 나빌),Moon Bo Sim(심문보) 한국아시아학회 2021 아시아연구 Vol.24 No.3

교육과 국가 성장 사이에는 직접적인 연관성이 있다. 교육 기관에 강력한 자금을 지원하는 국가는 자신이 통제하는 사회의 문화적, 사회적, 경제적 요구를 충족 할 가능성이 더 높다. 성공적이고 잘 발달 된 국가는 경제가 강하고 포용성이 강한 사회를 가지고 있다. 국가가 이러한 중요한 특성을 달성하려면 세대에서 세대로 지식을 전달할 수 있는 강력한 교육 시스템이 필요하다. 정책 실행에 대한 교육은 실행 절차에 대한 공통된 이해를 갖는 것이 중요하다. 국가 지도자, 기업인 및 사회 구성원은 정책 구현 절차가 어떻게 진행되고 어떻게 개발 될 수 있는지 알고 싶어 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 두 개의 개별 시나리오와 관련하여 기존 구현이론의 적절성을 분석하기 위하여 파키스탄의 교육 정책 목표 달성의 어려움과 정책 목표 달성에 있어서 한국 정부의 성공적 이행을 비교 분석하기 위하여 한국과 파키스탄의 교육사례를 중심으로 리더십이 교육정책에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 본 논문에서 정책 수립 및 집행과정에 미치는 요인들은 현실적이고 역동적인 정책목표, 실행 절차를 지원하는 그룹과 리더의 적절한 참여가 정책 성공의 중심이자 효과적인 방안이라는 점을 분석 할 수 있었다. 파키스탄에서 정책 집행 실패의 핵심 요소 중 하나는 정책의 일관성을 유지하지 못하고 결정된 정책에 대하여 많은 수정을 가한 정치 시스템이었다. 정치 지도자들이 정책결정을 할 때 이에 대한 아이디어와 전문지식이 부족하여 정책목표 설정 시 직접 관여하지 않은 것이 정책실패의 또 다른 원인이라 할 수 있다. 또한 의원들이 불법적인 법안을 승인하거나 정책결정 과정에 전문성 결여로 참여하지 못한 것도 원인이라 할 수 있다. 반면에 한국이 교육정책을 추진하는 과정에서 성공할 수 있었던 요인은 1988년에 정치적으로 민주화가 이루어진 이후로 정책결정과 집행이 투명하게 이루어지고 이해관계자들의 참여 또한 보장되고, 정치지도자가 바뀌어도 교육정책의 일관성을 유지할 수 있었기 때문이라고 할 수 있다. 양국가의 사례 비교 분석을 통하여 리더십의 역할이 정책의 목표 달성과 정책집행에 중요한 요인이라는 결론을 내렸다. 한국과 파키스탄의 리더십의 신념과 문화 윤리가 국가 리더십의 질에 직접적인 영향을 미친다는 사실도 알아냈다. 한국 지도자들은 유교적 신앙을 단호하게 따랐지만 파키스탄 지도자들은 코란의 신념을 상징적인 것으로만 보고 정책을 설계할 때 연관시키지 않은 것도 커다란 차이라고 할 수 있다. There is a direct link between education and national growth. Countries that provide strong funding for educational institutions are more likely to meet the cultural, social and economic needs of the societies they control. Successful and well-developed countries have strong economies and inclusive societies. For countries to achieve these important characteristics, they need a strong education system that can transfer knowledge from generation to generation. Education on policy implementation is important to have a common understanding of the implementation process. National leaders, business people and members of society want to know how the policy implementation process is going and how it can be developed. In this paper, in order to analyze the relevance of the existing implementation theory in relation to two separate scenarios, the difficulty of achieving educational policy goals in Pakistan and the successful implementation of the Korean government in achieving the policy goals were compared. In this paper, one of the key factors in the failure of policy implementation in Pakistan was the political system that did not maintain policy consistency and made many modifications to the decided policy. Another cause of policy failure is that political leaders are not directly involved in setting policy goals due to lack of ideas and expertise in making policy decisions. Another reason may be the failure of lawmakers to approve illegal bills or participate in the policy-making process due to lack of expertise. On the other hand, the factors that made Korea successful in the process of promoting education policy were that since political democracy was established in 1988, policy making and execution were made transparently, stakeholder participation was guaranteed, and education policy was maintained even if political leaders change. It could be said that it was possible to maintain consistency. Through comparative analysis of cases in both countries, it was concluded that the role of leadership is an important factor in achieving policy goals and implementing policies.

Physical and Psychosocial Effects of War on Children

Nabil Mughal M.,배정환 위기관리 이론과 실천 2018 Crisisonomy Vol.14 No.10

A growing number of youngsters have grown up experiencing conflicts or war and being deprived of peace in several countries in the world. Securing the safety of youngsters in such intimidating environments through the execution of international humanitarian law and human rights law becomes more essential. Numerous resolutions and rules have been approved by the International groups to protect youngsters from armed conflicts and they are supported by many countries. Despite the efforts of global community to ensure children’s rights during armed conflict based on the agenda of international humanitarian law, its execution is an enormous task and no technique works perfectly for the execution of those resolutions and rules. The effective execution relies on the ability of humanitarian organizations to deliver safety in respond to the authenticities of youngsters’ lives as observers, combatants and sufferers. This research uses the case of Pakistan to address the absence of implementation of these resolutions and aims to propose an appropriate plan for resolving this issue.

Throughput Analysis of RF-Powered Cognitive Backscatter Communications in Cellular Networks

Danish Mehmood Mughal,Tahira Mahboob,Min Young Chung 한국통신학회 2019 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.6

Virtual Cells Operation for 5G V2X Communications

Umair Ahmad Mughal,Ishtiaq Ahmad,KyungHi Chang 한국통신학회 2019 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.1

A study of Youth Voice, Empowerment and Participation of Adolescents Engagement

Muhammad Aqeel Mughal,안권순 한국청소년학회 2016 청소년학연구 Vol.23 No.7

This study aims to figure out how youth voice, empowerment and participation of adolescents engagement the best understood as a period of transition from the independence of childhood to adulthood’s independence. To fulfill this purpose, this study sets following questions, What a refine the definitions of voice, empowerment, participation of adolescents engagement. This study investigates synthesis of literature, participatory observations and case studies. This study comes up with following conclusions. A preliminary model of Systematic Degree of Engagement specifying the relationship between youth voice, empowerment, and participation has been developed and discussed. One of the key issues in developing the model has been that existing literature has rarely made distinctions between voice, empowerment, and participation. Therefore, this writing built on existing literature by defining distinctions among these constructs. After distinctions between concepts were made a model was derived: Systematic Degree of Engagement. From this research, program designers are able to develop programs and assess existing programs that foster youth engagement. Researchers benefit from this thesis in understanding the distinctions in voice, empowerment, participation, and engagement. The findings of this thesis are the distinctions in terminology of voice, empowerment, participation, and engagement; as well as, a model illustrating these terms independence and inter-relatedness.

Remittances and Business Cycles: Comparison of South Asian Countries

Mazhar Y. Mughal,Junaid Ahmed 한국국제경제학회 2014 International Economic Journal Vol.28 No.4

South Asia is one of the world's principal remittance-receiving regions. This study examines the home and host business cycles of migrant remittance flows to the region. Employing the Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) technique, the remittance behaviour of the region's four main countries is compared. Remittances to India and Pakistan show a mainly acyclical behaviour with respect to the output of the four host regions, and a countercyclical behaviour with respect to home output. In contrast, remittances to the two smaller economies of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka are found to be mainly procyclical. The study shows that the macroeconomic remittance behaviour varies with respect to the importance of remittance flows in the home economy. Moreover, remittance behaviour seems to respond more to home economy specificities than to those of the different regions that host the migrants from the developing countries.

Throughput Performance of SWIPT-Based Multi-Antenna DF Relay Network

Danish Mehmood Mughal,Syed Tariq Shah,Daniyal Munir,Min Young Chung 한국통신학회 2017 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.6

Economic Reliability Group Acceptance Sampling Based on Truncated Life Tests Using Pareto Distribution of the Second Kind

Aslam, Muhammad,Mughal, Abdur Razzaque,Hanif, Muhammad,Ahmad, Munir The Korean Statistical Society 2010 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.17 No.5

Economic Reliability test plans(ERTP) are proposed considering that the life time of the submitted items follow the Pareto distribution of the second kind. For various specified acceptance number, sample size and producer's risk, a minimum test termination time is obtained. A comparison of proposed plan has been made with the existing plan developed by Aslam et al. (2010). The results are explained by tables and example.

Occurrence of infections in schoolchildren subsequent to supplementation with vitamin D-calcium or zinc: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Mandlik, Rubina,Mughal, Zulf,Khadilkar, Anuradha,Chiplonkar, Shashi,Ekbote, Veena,Kajale, Neha,Patwardhan, Vivek,Padidela, Raja,Khadilkar, Vaman The Korean Nutrition Society 2020 Nutrition research and practice Vol.14 No.2

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D and zinc are recognized for their roles in immune-modulation, and their deficiencies are suggested to be important risk factors for childhood infections. This study, therefore, undertook to assess the occurrence of infections in rural Indian schoolchildren, subsequent to daily supplementation with vitamin D-calcium or zinc for 6 months. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in apparently healthy 6-12 year-old rural Indian children, recruited to 3 study arms: vitamin D arm (1,000 IU D3 - 500 mg calcium, n = 135), zinc arm (10 mg, n = 150) and placebo arm (n = 150). The infection status was assessed using a validated questionnaire, and the biochemical parameters of serum 25(OH)D and serum zinc were measured by ELISA and colorimetry, respectively. The primary outcome variable was occurrence of infections (upper respiratory and total infections). RESULTS: Serum 25(OH)D concentration in the vitamin D arm improved significantly by 34%, from 59.7 ± 10.9 nmol/L to 80 ± 23.3 nmol/L (P < 0.0001), but no improvement was observed for serum zinc concentration. While there was significant increase in the percentage of children reporting no or mild upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and total infections (TI) in all three groups, improvements in the supplemented groups were similar to the placebo group. However, the vitamin D arm reported lower URTI and TI status in the vitamin D sufficient versus insufficient children. Also, URTI and TI status were found to be significantly (P < 0.0001) lower in children with improved 25(OH)D versus unchanged 25(OH)D. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D-calcium supplementation helped to improve the vitamin D status but exerts no effect on the occurrence of infections when compared to the placebo group. Improvement in the serum 25(OH)D concentrations and attainment of vitamin D sufficiency may exert a beneficial effect on the infection status and needs to be investigated further. To evaluate the efficacy of zinc supplementation, higher dosages need to be administered in future studies.