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Song, Miyeon,Kwon, Illoong,Cha, Seyeong,Min, Naon Public Management Research Association 2017 JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION RESEARCH AND THEO Vol.27 No.1
<P>Despite growing reliance on indirect market-based policy instruments under the New Public Management reforms, bureaucrats often prefer direct regulatory instruments. Thus, for successful implementation of indirect policy instruments, it is important to understand the underlying motives for bureaucrats’ preferences. This article shows that based on unique survey data from Korea, bureaucrats with higher public service motivation have a stronger preference for direct policy instruments. This pattern is strong for bureaucrats at lower job levels and for those who report greater willingness for self-sacrifice, but not necessarily for those who show strong commitment for the public interest. These results contradict a view that bureaucrats prefer direct policy instruments out of self-interest to maintain private benefits. Rather, direct policy instruments may require more work and even more unpleasant direct interactions with the clientele being served, but allow the bureaucrats to stay in control of and feel more responsible for the services provided.</P>
Choi, Miyeon,Lee, Seung Hoon,Wang, Sung Eun,Ko, Seung Yeon,Song, Mihee,Choi, June-Seek,Kim, Yong-Seok,Duman, Ronald S.,Son, Hyeon National Academy of Sciences 2015 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.112 No.51
<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>The rapid antidepressant response is produced by ketamine administration. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the antidepressant-like action of ketamine remain incomplete. Here we show for the first time to our knowledge that ketamine stimulates the phosphorylation (Ser259/Ser498) and nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5). As a consequence, myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcriptional activity is enhanced and results in the induction of MEF2 target gene expression. We further show that ketamine down-regulates and, at the same time, phosphorylates HDAC5 to attenuate its repressive influence on transcription in the hippocampus. These studies unveil a previously unidentified role of HDAC5 in regulating neuronal function in response to ketamine, and thus provide the foundation for new approaches for the treatment of major depression.</P><P>Ketamine produces rapid antidepressant-like effects in animal assays for depression, although the molecular mechanisms underlying these behavioral actions remain incomplete. Here, we demonstrate that ketamine rapidly stimulates histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) phosphorylation and nuclear export in rat hippocampal neurons through calcium/calmodulin kinase II- and protein kinase D-dependent pathways. Consequently, ketamine enhanced the transcriptional activity of myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2), which leads to regulation of MEF2 target genes. Transfection of a HDAC5 phosphorylation-defective mutant (Ser259/Ser498 replaced by Ala259/Ala498, HDAC5-S/A), resulted in resistance to ketamine-induced nuclear export, suppression of ketamine-mediated MEF2 transcriptional activity, and decreased expression of MEF2 target genes. Behaviorally, viral-mediated hippocampal knockdown of HDAC5 blocked or occluded the antidepressant effects of ketamine both in unstressed and stressed animals. Taken together, our results reveal a novel role of HDAC5 in the actions of ketamine and suggest that HDAC5 could be a potential mechanism contributing to the therapeutic actions of ketamine.</P>
Park, Jongpil,Song, Miyeon,Jung, Won Mok,Lee, Won Young,Kim, Hanggeun,Kim, Youngkwon,Hwang, Chahwan,Shim, Il-Wun The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Dalton transactions Vol.42 No.29
<P>Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSnS<SUB>4</SUB> (CZTS) nanoparticles were synthesized by sonochemical reactions under multibubble sonoluminescence (MBSL) conditions. First, Cu<SUB>2</SUB>SnS<SUB>3</SUB> (CTS) nanoparticles were synthesized by the sonochemical method with a 91.3% yield. Second, ZnS was coated on Cu<SUB>2</SUB>SnS<SUB>3</SUB> nanoparticles by the same method. Then, they were transformed into CZTS nanoparticles of 90–300 nm diameter by heating them at 450 °C for 1 hour. The ratios between Zn and Sn could be controlled from 0.20 to 1.32 by adjusting the relative concentrations of Cu<SUB>2</SUB>SnS<SUB>3</SUB> and ZnCl<SUB>2</SUB>. With relatively lower Zn : Sn ratios (0.20–0.41), there was a mixture of CTS and CZTS nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticles show different band gaps from 1.19 to 1.52 eV depending on the zinc to tin ratio. In this sonochemical method without using any toxic or high temperature solvents, the specific stoichiometric element ratios in CZTS were controllable on demand and their experimental results were always reproducible in separate syntheses. The CZTS nanoparticles were investigated by using X-ray diffraction, a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, a scanning electron microscope, Raman spectroscopy, and a high resolution-transmission electron microscope.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSnS<SUB>4</SUB> (CZTS) nanoparticles were synthesized by sonochemical reactions under multibubble sonoluminescence (MBSL) conditions. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3dt50849h'> </P>