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Adsorption of methyl orange using self-assembled porous microspheres of poly(o-chloroaniline)
Muhammad Naveed Anjum,Heqing Tang,Mohammad Zuber,Khalid Mahmood Zia,Lihua Zhu,Haroon-ur-Rashid,Mirza Nadeem Ahmad 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.12
Self-assembled hollow microspheres poly(o-chloroaniline) (POC) have been synthesized by simple oxida-tive polymerization of o-chloroaniline using camphor-sulfonic acid (CSA) as dopant acid and ammonium persulfate(APS) as oxidant. The POC microspheres were characterized by means of FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis. Adsorptioncharacteristics of POC spheres were studied by using methyl orange (MO) as adsorbate. It was found that adsorptionof MO by POC was better described by pseudo-second-order kinetics than any other kinetic model, such as the pseudo-first-order and intra-particle diffusion models. Langmuir adsorption isotherm model was the best to fit experimentaldata. The results showed that hollow microspheres of POC can be used as novel and low-cost adsorbent for removalof organic dye from waste water.
Fatima Nayab,Mirza Muhammad Nadeem 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2023 International Area Studies Review Vol.26 No.4
The movement for a Saraiki province in the South Punjab region of Pakistan has gained momentum in recent years. The Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf government promised during the election campaign to establish a South Punjab province along administrative lines. However, the Saraiki ethno-nationalists have demanded the establishment of the province along ethnic lines. The government fears this would challenge national integration by dividing the nation along ethnic lines. This study seeks to analyze the general sentiments of the people of South Punjab, where Saraikis form a majority, in order to explore whether the public sentiment resonates with the ethno-nationalist parties and factors behind the demand for a separate province. This study is conducted using quantitative methodology. Cross-sectional survey is used as a research tool for data collection, and SPSS is used for data analysis. Results show that mass sentiment does not support ethno-national federalism. Ethnic identity is not a significant factor in the demands for political autonomy.