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Conceptualization and development of a questionnaire to determine physical activity barriers
Maryam Selk-Ghaffari,Bahar Hassanmirzaei,Amin Nakhostin-Ansari,Behnaz Mahdaviani,Mohammad Saeid Khonji,Reyhaneh Aghajani,Maedeh Gholami-Mehrabadi,Afifeh Khosravi,Ramin Kordi 한국운동영양학회 2022 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.26 No.2
[Purpose] Considering the role of physical activity on public health and the high prevalence of physical inactivity worldwide, determining physical activity barriers is critical and will be a road map for future planning. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive questionnaire to determine physical activity barriers. [Methods] By reviewing previous studies, the main domains of the questionnaire were established. A physical activity expert interviewed 20 individuals aged 18 to 65 years. The results were evaluated by an expert panel for a content validity index. Face validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency were established on 204 individuals. [Results] The content validity index in all items was within the acceptable range (>0.85). Face validity was appropriate, and the misunderstanding index was < 20% in all items. Test-retest reliability in the final questionnaire in all items based on Cohen’s kappa was > 0.20, indicating fair agreement. Internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.63 was within the acceptable range. [Conclusion] The study revealed that the newly designed survey is valid, accurate, and reliable. The use of this comprehensive tool by policymakers would help them properly identify the perceived barriers, and thus perform better physical activity interventions as promotional health programs.
Mohammad Khojastefar,Maryam Selk-Ghaffari,Amir-Hossein Memari,Farzin Halabchi,Tohid Seif-Barghi 사단법인약침학회 2021 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.14 No.4
Background: Excessive competitive anxiety induces adverse effects on athletic performance and planning efficient management methods is crucial. Objectives: We aimed to assess the effects of acupuncture on competitive anxiety. Methods: In this cross-over study, 20 male soccer players under 21 years (U-21) were randomized equally into acupuncture or control groups. The acupuncture group received acupuncture on fifteen anxiety-related points and the control group received acupuncture on fifteen points unrelated to anxiety for thirty minutes. We measured the participants’ resting heart rate and galvanic skin conduction and asked them to answer the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) questionnaire at baseline and the end of the intervention. Results: We detected a significant treatment effect in the cognitive anxiety level (–1.05 ± 0.91; p = 0.02) but not in the somatic anxiety level (–0.46 ± 1.68; p = 0.43), Sport Self-Confidence (–1.06 ± 2.21; p = 0.11), heart rate (0.20 ± 2.2; p = 0.93), and skin conductance (–0.50 ± 0.77; p = 0.19). Conclusion: Based on these results, acupuncture might decrease cognitive anxiety but might not affect somatic anxiety.