Urban planning and building smart cities based on the Internet of Things using Big Data analytics

Rathore, M.M.,Ahmad, A.,Paul, A.,Rho, S. Elsevier 2016 COMPUTER NETWORKS - Vol.101 No.-

The rapid growth in the population density in urban cities demands that services and an infrastructure be provided to meet the needs of city inhabitants. Thus, there has been an increase in the request for embedded devices, such as sensors, actuators, and smartphones, leading to considerable business potential for the new era of the Internet of Things (IoT), in which all devices are capable of interconnecting and communicating with each other over the Internet. Thus, Internet technologies provide a way of integrating and sharing a common communication medium. With this knowledge, in this paper, we propose a combined IoT-based system for smart city development and urban planning using Big Data analytics. We propose a complete system consisting of various types of sensor deployment, including smart home sensors, vehicular networking, weather and water sensors, smart parking sensors, and surveillance objects. A four-tier architecture is proposed that includes 1) Bottom tier-1, which is responsible for IoT sources and data generation and collection, 2) Intermediate tier-1, which is responsible for all types of communication between, for instance, sensors, relays, base stations, and the Internet, 3) Intermediate tier 2, which is responsible for data management and processing using a Hadoop framework, and 4) Top tier, which is responsible for application and usage of the data analysis and the results generated. The system implementation consists of various steps that begin with data generation and move to collection, aggregation, filtration, classification, preprocessing, computing and decision making. The proposed system is implemented using Hadoop with Spark, voltDB, Storm or S4 for real time processing of the IoT data to generate results to establish the smart city. For urban planning or city future development, the offline historical data are analyzed with Hadoop using MapReduce programming. IoT datasets generated by smart homes, smart parking weather, pollution, and vehicle data sets are used for analysis and evaluation. This type of system with full functionality does not currently exist. Similarly, the results demonstrate that the proposed system is more scalable and efficient than existing systems. Moreover, system efficiency is measured in terms of throughput and processing time.

Wing and leg amputation induced oviposition pattern of tropical tasar silk moth, Antheraea mylitta Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) in oviposition devices – Earthen cups and paper sheets

Mohanraj Soundappan S,Dinesh Kumar,Bhagavanulu M.V.K.,Chandrashekharaiah M.,M. S. Rathore,Srinivas C. 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.3

Antheraea mylitta Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is a tropical semi-domesticated wild tasar silkworm reared by marginal tribal farmers of India. Due to improper egg laying frequency, oviposition is generally kept for three continuous days after amputating the gravid moth wings (W – ) in earthen cups (C). In order to systematize the oviposition frequency, wing cut with leg cut (W – L – ) was performed in ecorace Daba trivoltine (DTV) completing three life-cycles in a year. Oviposition of (C)W – L – was observed in all three grainages during the year 2020 and compared with (C)W – moths. Oviposition was also accomplished on plain paper sheets (S). It is observed that (C) W – obtained 63–67% and (C)W – L – obtained 72–80% egg laying on first day. Similarly, (S)W – and (S)W – L – ob tained 68–71% and 74–83% on first day. Further, significant high oviposition was observed within first four hours in both earthen cups and on paper sheets by W – L – moths laying 49–69% and 55–65% eggs compared to W – laying 25–45% and 39–44% eggs, respectively. A total of 44–51, 47–54, 44–48 and 46–52 eggs/g moth weight was obtained in (C)W – , (C)W – L – , (S)W – and (S)W – L – , respectively in three consecutive grainage. Oviposition of W – moths in earthen cups and on paper sheets are not significantly different indicating earthen cups in contemporary tasar grainage could be replaced with paper sheets. Thus, the paper demonstrates for the first time a fast, efficient and scalable cellular oviposition of A. mylitta on paper sheets comparable to Bombyx mori

Somatic embryogenesis and in vitro plant regeneration in moth bean [Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal]: a recalcitrant grain legume

Kailash Choudhary,M. Singh,M. S. Rathore,N. S. Shekhawat 한국식물생명공학회 2009 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.3 No.3

An efficient in vitro regeneration protocol for moth bean [Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal] via somatic embryogenesis has been developed. Embryogenic callus cultures were established from the cotyledonary node as explant on semi-solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.75 mg l-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.5 mg l-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and with various additives (50 mg l-1 ascorbic acid and 25 mg l-1 each of adenine sulphate, citric acid and L-arginine). Numerous somatic embryos differentiated on MS basal nutrient medium supplemented with 0.25 mg l-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg l-1 of kinetin (Kin). Sustained cell division resulted in the formation of cell aggregates, which progressed to the globular- and heartshaped somatic embryos and then, if they differentiated properly, to the torpedo shape and cotyledonary stages. The transfer of embryos onto fresh MS basal medium containing 0.2 mg l-1 BA and 2.0 mg l-1 gibberellic acid enabled the embryos to achieve complete maturation and germination. More than 80% of somatic embryos were converted into true-to-type fertile plants. In vitro-regenerated plantlets with well-developed roots were successfully hardened in a greenhouse and established in soil. An efficient in vitro regeneration protocol for moth bean [Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal] via somatic embryogenesis has been developed. Embryogenic callus cultures were established from the cotyledonary node as explant on semi-solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.75 mg l-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.5 mg l-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and with various additives (50 mg l-1 ascorbic acid and 25 mg l-1 each of adenine sulphate, citric acid and L-arginine). Numerous somatic embryos differentiated on MS basal nutrient medium supplemented with 0.25 mg l-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg l-1 of kinetin (Kin). Sustained cell division resulted in the formation of cell aggregates, which progressed to the globular- and heartshaped somatic embryos and then, if they differentiated properly, to the torpedo shape and cotyledonary stages. The transfer of embryos onto fresh MS basal medium containing 0.2 mg l-1 BA and 2.0 mg l-1 gibberellic acid enabled the embryos to achieve complete maturation and germination. More than 80% of somatic embryos were converted into true-to-type fertile plants. In vitro-regenerated plantlets with well-developed roots were successfully hardened in a greenhouse and established in soil.

Coupled fixed point theorems for rational inequality in generalized metric spaces

Deepak Singh,Surjeet Singh Tomar,M.S.Rathore,Varsha Chauhan 영남수학회 2015 East Asian mathematical journal Vol.31 No.1

In modern times, coupled fixed point theorems have been rigorously studied by many researchers in the milieu of partially ordered G- metric spaces using different contractive conditions. In this note, some coupled fixed point theorems using mixed monotone property in partially ordered G-metric spaces are obtained. Furthermore some theorems by omitting the completeness on the space and continuity conditions on function, are obtained. Our results partially generalize some existing results in the present literature. To exemplify our results and to distinguish them from the existing ones, we equip the article with suitable examples.

COUPLED FIXED POINT THEOREMS FOR RATIONAL INEQUALITY IN GENERALIZED METRIC SPACES

Singh, Deepak,Tomar, Surjeet Singh,Rathore, M.S.,Chauhan, Varsha The Youngnam Mathematical Society 2015 East Asian mathematical journal Vol.31 No.1

In modern times, coupled fixed point theorems have been rigorously studied by many researchers in the milieu of partially ordered G-metric spaces using different contractive conditions. In this note, some coupled fixed point theorems using mixed monotone property in partially ordered G-metric spaces are obtained. Furthermore some theorems by omitting the completeness on the space and continuity conditions on function, are obtained. Our results partially generalize some existing results in the present literature. To exemplify our results and to distinguish them from the existing ones, we equip the article with suitable examples.