Challenges for Artificial Cognitive Systems

Antoni Gomila,Vincent C. Müller 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2012 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.13 No.4

The declared goal of this paper is to fill this gap: “… cognitive systems research needs questions or challenges that define progress. The challenges are not (yet more) predictions of the future, but a guideline to what are the aims and what would constitute progress.” – the quotation being from the project description of EUCogII, the project for the European Network for Cognitive Systems within which this formulation of the ‘challenges’ was originally developed (http://www.eucognition.org). So, we stick out our neck and formulate the challenges for artificial cognitive systems. These challenges are articulated in terms of a definition of what a cognitive system is: a system that learns from experience and uses its acquired knowledge (both declarative and practical) in a flexible manner to achieve its own goals.

Long-Range -Conjugation in Phenothiazine-containing Donor-Acceptor Dyes for Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Antony, M. P.,Moehl, T.,Wielopolski, M.,Moser, J. E.,Nair, S.,Yu, Y. J.,Kim, J. H.,Kay, K. Y.,Jung, Y. S.,Yoon, K. B. WILEY-VCH 2015 ChemSusChem Vol.8 No.22

SOV2C2 : Secure Orthogonal View of Virtualization in Cloud Computing

Jaiganesh M.,Vincent Antony Kumar 한국산학기술학회 2012 SmartCR Vol.2 No.4

Cloud computing is starting a new era in getting information through any Internet connection via any connected device. It provides a pay by use method. The services required by the clients are offered on-demand. Cloud service providers treat the client as a virtual client to accommodate the virtual environment of cloud computing. The major issue in cloud computing is providing security against the unauthenticated accessibility of cloud services. We propose a prototype called secure orthogonal view to handle the security issues occurring at the hypervisor level and at the datacenter level. The attacker may enter the cloud through a hypervisor zone or datacenter zone and cause threats to the data of legitimate users. It is based on a virtual management perception called a Cloud Administrator that handles the security at two levels called virtual hypervisor security (VHS) and Datacenter Security (DCS). We analyzed and discussed factors and their issues to secure a view’s solutions by classifying VHS and DCS using a KVM emulator. These secure view scenarios are prepared to overcome the current cloud computing security issues and have become a strong base for next-generation secure systems.

Effect of porosity of α-alumina on non-thermal plasma decomposition of ethylene in a dielectric-packed bed reactor

Gandhi, M. Sanjeeva,Ananth, Antony,Mok, Young Sun,Song, Jun-Ik,Park, Kyu-Hyun Springer-Verlag 2014 Research on chemical intermediates Vol.40 No.4

Bactenecins : Potent Peptide Antibiotics for Prophyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

Raj, Antony P.,Gauri,Edgerton, M. Korean Academy of Oral Biology and the UCLA Dental 1997 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.22 No.2

Bactenecin 5, its fragments and bactenecin 7 were examined for their in vitro cidal activity against two oral pathogens, porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The two strains of porphyromonas gingivalis (W50 and 381) have been found to be highly sensitive to bactenecins. The Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains, Y4 and 67, were highly sensitive to bactenecins even at a concentration of nearly 0.2μm. The cidal activity of the longer fragments of bactenecin 5, BN22, and BC24 were comparable to the bactericidal activity of the whole molecule indicating that the cidal potency of bactenecin 5 can be retained with half of its size. Bactenecin 5 and bactenecin 7 have been found to elicit similar bactericidal activity suggesting that increasing the peptide size beyond 43 residues does not influence the cidal potency. The shorter N-terminal fragment (BN16) of bactenecin has been found to be less active than the longer fragments BN22 and BC24, suggesting that a minimum chain length of more than 20 residues may be necessary to elicit the potency of the whole molecule. However, the strains of porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans have been found to be highly sensitive (>75% loss in cell viability) to BN16 at the concentration of 10 and 3.2μm, respectively. The circular dichroism studies of bactenecin 7 suggest that it could exist as poly-L-proline Ⅱ like helix both in aqueous soloution and in lipid vesicles. Our results suggest that the fragments of bactenecins could serve as potent antibiotics for porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.

Reference genes for expression studies in different developmental stages of Oryctes rhinoceros, the coconut rhinoceros beetle

Arvind Kumar,Antony Ginny,Rajesh M.K.,Josephrajkumar A.,Grace Tony 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.2

Oryctes rhinoceros L. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), the coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB), is a primary pest of co conut in South and Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. The beetle has the potential to severely affect the economies of local communities, many of whom are marginal and small farmers who rely on coconut as the main source of livelihood. Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) based targeted gene expression analysis has emerged as a powerful tool due to its sensitivity and reproducibility. However, calculating the relative expression of target genes requires normalization with reference genes across specific experimental conditions. To identify suitable reference gene(s) possessing stability, we selected six prospective genes (viz., NADH, ACTIN, EF1A, RPL3, SDHA, and ARF6) and evaluated them for their potential use as reference gene(s) across different developmental stages of O. rhinoceros. A comprehensive approach based on five statistical models viz., GeNorm, BestKeeper, NormFinder, RefFinder and the ΔCt value, was utilized, and based on the obtained stability values of candidate genes, a consensus ranking was generated. The expression levels of NADH, EF1A and RPL3 were observed to be the most stable across the developmental stages with significant statistical reliability. Further, this study identified NADH/EF1A as the most reliable reference gene combination which could provide robust normalization of RT-qPCR data in gene expression studies in O. rhinoceros. This is the first report iden tifying the suitable reference genes for normalizing gene expression in O. rhinoceros across different develop mental stages, facilitating future elucidation of gene expressions in this species.

Effect of Cooling Rates on γ → α Transformation and Metastable States in Fe–Cu Alloys with Addition of Ni

C. Crozet,M. Verdier,S. Lay,A. Antoni-Zdziobek 대한금속·재료학회 2018 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.24 No.4

α/γ phase transformations occurring in Fe–10Cu–xNi alloys (0 ≤ x ≤ 15 in mass%) were studied using X-ray diff raction,scanning electron microscopy, electron back scattered diff raction, transmission electron microscopy and chemical analysis,combining X-ray microanalysis with energy dispersive spectrometry in the scanning electron microscope and electron microprobeanalysis with wavelength dispersive spectrometry. The infl uence of cooling rate on the microstructure was investigatedusing ice-brine quenching and 2 °C/min slow cooling rate performed with dilatometry. Ni addition induces metastabletransformations on cooling: massive and bainitic ferrite are formed depending on the alloy composition and cooling rate. Moreover, most of the Cu phase precipitates on cooling giving rise to a fi ne distribution of Cu particles in the ferrite grains. For both cooling conditions, the hardness increases with increasing Ni content and a higher hardness is obtained in thequenched alloy for each composition. The change in hardness is correlated to the Effect of Ni solid solution, transformationstructure and size of Cu particles.

Regulation of coconut somatic embryogenesis: decoding the role of long non-coding RNAs

Sabana A. A.,Antony Ginny,Gangaraj K. P.,Grace Tony,Rajesh M.K. 한국식물생명공학회 2024 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.18 No.1

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that lack significant protein coding potential and have been shown to regulate various biological processes. This study was designed to identify lncRNAs in coconut and their role in the process of somatic embryogenesis in coconut, a crop with high recalcitrance to in vitro culture. RNA-Seq data of coconut embryogenic calli of the West Coast Tall cultivar was exploited for in silico prediction of lncRNA. From a total of 6328 transcripts, which were annotated as uncharacterised or with no homology hits with the existing database, 5110 putative lncRNAs are identified. We also studied the relationship between lncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs and found that some of the lncRNAs act as miRNA precursors, some as potential miRNA targets and some function as endogenous target mimics (eTMs) for miRNAs. Real-time quantitative PCR confirmed that 10 selected lncRNAs showed significant differences in the expression pattern in different stages of coconut somatic embryogenesis. Our results suggest the existence of diverse lncRNAs in coconut embryogenic calli, some of which are differentially expressed. The information generated in this study could be of great value in understanding the molecular mechanisms governing somatic embryogenesis in coconut.

A neuroligin-4 missense mutation associated with autism impairs neuroligin-4 folding and endoplasmic reticulum export.

Zhang, Chen,Milunsky, Jeff M,Newton, Stephanie,Ko, Jaewon,Zhao, Geping,Maher, Tom A,Tager-Flusberg, Helen,Bolliger, Marc F,Carter, Alice S,Boucard, Antony A,Powell, Craig M,Sü,dhof, Thomas C The Society 2009 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.29 No.35

<P>Neuroligins (NLs) are postsynaptic cell-adhesion molecules essential for normal synapse function. Mutations in neuroligin-4 (NL4) (gene symbol: NLGN4) have been reported in some patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental impairments. However, the low frequency of NL4 mutations and the limited information about the affected patients and the functional consequences of their mutations cast doubt on the causal role of NL4 mutations in these disorders. Here, we describe two brothers with classical ASD who carry a single amino-acid substitution in NL4 (R87W). This substitution was absent from the brothers' asymptomatic parents, suggesting that it arose in the maternal germ line. R87 is conserved in all NL isoforms, and the R87W substitution is not observed in control individuals. At the protein level, the R87W substitution impaired glycosylation processing of NL4 expressed in HEK293 and COS cells, destabilized NL4, caused NL4 retention in the endoplasmic reticulum in non-neuronal cells and neurons, and blocked NL4 transport to the cell surface. As a result, the R87W substitution inactivated the synapse-formation activity of NL4 and abolished the functional effect of NL4 on synapse strength. Viewed together, these observations suggest that a point mutation in NL4 can cause ASD by a loss-of-function mechanism.</P>

Demography of Digitaria sanguinalis: Effect of the emergence time on survival, reproduction, and biomass

Gallart, Montserrat,Mas, M. Teresa,Verdu, Antoni M.C. The Korean Society of Weed Science and The Turfgra 2010 Weed Biology and Management Vol.10 No.2

Knowledge of weed population dynamics is crucial for designing effective weed management practises. A field experiment was carried out at Torre Marimon (near Barcelona, north-eastern Spain) in 2006 and 2007 in order to study the effects of the seedling emergence time on Digitaria sanguinalis fitness. Three and four cohorts were monitored in 2006 and 2007, respectively. In 2007, the seedling density was fourfold greater than in 2006. At the end of the growing season, no statistically significant differences in survival were detected among the cohorts in 2006 (the mean survival rate was 88%); in contrast, in 2007, individual survival varied depending on the cohort, ranging from 25-88%. The reproductive traits and seed production were significantly influenced by the emergence time. In the cohorts that emerged very close in time, the individuals of the first cohort on average had more than threefold the amount of seed production than those of the last cohort. However, not all the surviving individuals were able to reproduce because they were infected by the smut, Ustilago syntherismae.