Control of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotence and Fate Choice

Loring, Jeanne F. 한국수정란이식학회 2006 한국수정란이식학회 학술대회 Vol.2006 No.1

Report of the International Stem Cell Banking Initiative Workshop Activity: Current Hurdles and Progress in Seed‐Stock Banking of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Kim, Jung‐,Hyun,Kurtz, Andreas,Yuan, Bao‐,Zhu,Zeng, Fanyi,Lomax, Geoff,Loring, Jeanne F.,Crook, Jeremy,Ju, Ji Hyeon,Clarke, Laura,Inamdar, Maneesha S.,Pera, Martin,Firpo, Meri T.,Sheldon, John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017 Stem cells translational medicine Vol.6 No.11

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>This article summarizes the recent activity of the International Stem Cell Banking Initiative (ISCBI) held at the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) in California (June 26, 2016) and the Korean National Institutes for Health in Korea (October 19–20, 2016). Through the workshops, ISCBI is endeavoring to support a new paradigm for human medicine using pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) for cell therapies. Priority considerations for ISCBI include ensuring the safety and efficacy of a final cell therapy product and quality assured source materials, such as stem cells and primary donor cells. To these ends, ISCBI aims to promote global harmonization on quality and safety control of stem cells for research and the development of starting materials for cell therapies, with regular workshops involving hPSC banking centers, biologists, and regulatory bodies. Here, we provide a brief overview of two such recent activities, with summaries of key issues raised. S<SMALL>TEM</SMALL> C<SMALL>ELLS</SMALL> T<SMALL>RANSLATIONAL</SMALL> M<SMALL>EDICINE</SMALL><I>2017;6:1956–1962</I></P>

Allelic polymorphism of <i>GIGANTEA</i> is responsible for naturally occurring variation in circadian period in <i>Brassica rapa</i>

Xie, Qiguang,Lou, Ping,Hermand, Victor,Aman, Rashid,Park, Hee Jin,Yun, Dae-Jin,Kim, Woe Yeon,Salmela, Matti Juhani,Ewers, Brent E.,Weinig, Cynthia,Khan, Sarah L.,Schaible, D. Loring P.,McClung, C. Rob National Academy of Sciences 2015 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.112 No.12

<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>The plant circadian clock affects many aspects of growth and development and influences both fitness in natural settings and performance in cultivated conditions. We show that <I>GIGANTEA</I> (<I>GI</I>) underlies a major quantitative trait locus for circadian period in <I>Brassica rapa</I> by fine-mapping, analysis of heterogeneous inbred lines, and transgenic rescue of an <I>Arabidopsis gi-201</I> loss-of-function mutant. Analysis of chimeric and mutated <I>B. rapa GI</I> alleles identified the causal nucleotide polymorphism responsible for the allelic variation in circadian period, cold and salt tolerance, and red light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation. Allelic variation of <I>GI</I> and of clock genes in general offers targets for marker-assisted (molecular) breeding for enhanced stress tolerance and potentially for improved crop yield.</P><P><I>GIGANTEA</I> (<I>GI</I>) was originally identified by a late-flowering mutant in <I>Arabidopsis</I>, but subsequently has been shown to act in circadian period determination, light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, and responses to multiple abiotic stresses, including tolerance to high salt and cold (freezing) temperature. Genetic mapping and analysis of families of heterogeneous inbred lines showed that natural variation in <I>GI</I> is responsible for a major quantitative trait locus in circadian period in <I>Brassica rapa.</I> We confirmed this conclusion by transgenic rescue of an <I>Arabidopsis gi-201</I> loss of function mutant. The two <I>B. rapa GI</I> alleles each fully rescued the delayed flowering of <I>Arabidopsis gi-201</I> but showed differential rescue of perturbations in red light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and altered cold and salt tolerance. The <I>B. rapa</I> R500 <I>GI</I> allele, which failed to rescue the hypocotyl and abiotic stress phenotypes, disrupted circadian period determination in <I>Arabidopsis</I>. Analysis of chimeric <I>B. rapa GI</I> alleles identified the causal nucleotide polymorphism, which results in an amino acid substitution (S264A) between the two GI proteins. This polymorphism underlies variation in circadian period, cold and salt tolerance, and red light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation. Loss-of-function mutations of <I>B. rapa GI</I> confer delayed flowering, perturbed circadian rhythms in leaf movement, and increased freezing and increased salt tolerance, consistent with effects of similar mutations in <I>Arabidopsis</I>. Collectively, these data suggest that allelic variation of <I>GI</I>—and possibly of clock genes in general—offers an attractive target for molecular breeding for enhanced stress tolerance and potentially for improved crop yield.</P>

Involvement of Innate Lymphoid Cells and Dendritic Cells in a Mouse Model of Chemical-induced Asthma

Pollaris Lore,Decaesteker Tatjana,Van den Broucke Sofie,Jonckheere Anne-Charlotte,Cremer Jonathan,Verbeken Erik,Maes Tania,Devos Fien C,Vande Velde Greetje,Nemery Benoit,Hoet Peter H. M.,Vanoirbeek Je 대한천식알레르기학회 2021 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.13 No.2

Purpose: Exposure to low concentrations of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) leads to immune-mediated chemical-induced asthma. The role of the adaptive immune system has already been thoroughly investigated; nevertheless, the involvement of innate immune cells in the pathophysiology of chemical-induced asthma is still unresolved. The aim of the study is to investigate the role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) in a mouse model for chemical-induced asthma. Methods: On days 1 and 8, BALB/c mice were dermally treated (20 μL/ear) with 0.5% TDI or the vehicle acetone olive oil (AOO; 2:3). On days 15, 17, 19, 22 and 24, the mice received an oropharyngeal challenge with 0.01% TDI or AOO (1:4). One day after the last challenge, airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to methacholine was assessed, followed by an evaluation of pulmonary inflammation and immune-related parameters, including the cytokine pattern in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lymphocyte subpopulations of the lymph nodes and their ex vivo cytokine production profile, blood immunoglobulins and DC and ILC subpopulations in the lungs. Results: Both DC and ILC2 were recruited to the lungs after multiple airway exposures to TDI, regardless of the prior dermal sensitization. However, prior dermal sensitization with TDI alone results in AHR and predominant eosinophilic airway inflammation, accompanied by a typical type 2 helper T (Th2) cytokine profile. Conclusions: TDI-induced asthma is mediated by a predominant type 2 immune response, with the involvement of adaptive Th2 cells. However, from our study we suggest that the innate ILC2 cells are important additional players in the development of TDI-induced asthma.

A novel 40-kDa protein containing six repeats of an epidermal growth factor-like domain functions as a pattern recognition protein for lipopolysaccharide.

Ju, Jin Sung,Cho, Mi Hyang,Brade, Lore,Kim, Jung Hyun,Park, Ji Won,Ha, Nam-Chul,Sö,derhä,ll, Irene,Sö,derhä,ll, Kenneth,Brade, Helmut,Lee, Bok Luel Williams Wilkins 2006 JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY Vol.177 No.3

<P>Determination of structures and functions of pattern recognition proteins are important for understanding pathogen recognition mechanisms in host defense and for elucidating the activation mechanism of innate immune reactions. In this study, a novel 40-kDa protein, named LPS recognition protein (LRP), was purified to homogeneity from the cell-free plasma of larvae of the large beetle, Holotrichia diomphalia. LRP exhibited agglutinating activities on Escherichia coli, but not on Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. This E. coli-agglutinating activity was preferentially inhibited by the rough-type LPS with a complete core oligosaccharide. LRP consists of 317 aa residues and six repeats of an epidermal growth factor-like domain. Recombinant LRP expressed in a baculovirus system also showed E. coli agglutination activity in vitro and was able to neutralize LPS by inhibition of LPS-induced IL-6 production in mouse bone marrow mast cells. Furthermore, E. coli coated with the purified LRP were more rapidly cleared in the Holotrichia larvae than only E. coli, indicating that this protein participates in the clearance of E. coli in vivo. The three amino-terminal epidermal growth factor-like domains of LRP, but not the three carboxyl epidermal growth factor-like domains, are involved in the LPS-binding activity. Taken together, this LRP functions as a pattern recognition protein for LPS and plays a role as an innate immune protein.</P>

Characterization of aged male BALB/ccenp mice as a model of dementia

Nashelly Esquivel,Yenela García,Bestraida Lores,Marivy Gutiérrez,Claudio Rodríguez 한국실험동물학회 2020 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.36 No.1

Dementia is defined as cognitive impairment in more than one cognitive area and leads to an abnormal degree of impairment in the ability to remember past events. Among mice models of dementia the most used strains are SAMP8 and C57BL/6. There is no reference to characterizing a model of dementia in naturally aged mice of the BALB/c strain, or to the minimum age at which these animals can be used. The aim of this study was the characterization of aged male BALB/ccenp mice as a model of dementia from the evaluation of behavioural, pathological and biochemical markers. One hundred and twenty mice were used and 10 of these were analysed from 8 to 9 months of age, and every 4 months, in a comparative way to young control animals from 4 to 5 months. At the age of 12–13 months there was cognitive impairment in the animals from the Y-maze and object recognition tests and this impairment was maintained at 16–17 months of age. An increase in oxidative damage to proteins in the brains of aged animals was also found in relation to young animals; as well as a decrease in the concentration of triglycerides. At the age of 16–17 months, a significant decrease in the size of the thymus and brain was obtained. We consider that it’s a very useful option to use animals 12–13 months of age where there are symptoms of cognitive deficiency, histopathological and biochemical elements characteristic of dementia.

Investigating the Effectiveness of Intergenerational Programs in Reducing Ageism Toward Young People : A Systematic Review

Katelyn Weinman,Levi McPherson,Ali Cobey,Kaitlin McWatters,Skai Woods,Loree Pryor,Claudia Hilton 대한작업치료학회 2020 대한작업치료학회지 Vol.28 No.2

Background: Ageism is recognized as a concern in the context of a rapidly aging population. Current literature acknowledges the outcomes of ageism toward older adults, however there has been little focus on the reciprocal effect toward young people. Programs geared at reducing ageism toward older adults show positive outcomes for both generations. This review explored the importance of intergenerational relationships and assessed the effectiveness of intergenerational programs on decreasing ageism toward young people. Method: A comprehensive database search was conducted to identify eligible studies published between 1989 and 2019. To be considered for final inclusion, studies had to implement an intergenerational program with outcome measures specifically addressing older adults’ attitudes toward young people. Results: Of the 4,661 articles retrieved, 12 studies were included with 1,570 participants. The specific intergenerational interventions differed, but commonalities included extended contact, community-based activities, and mentorship. Eleven of the twelve articles yielded statistically significant effects in reducing ageism toward young people. Evaluation of program outcomes resulted in four themes. Conclusion: Moderate evidence supports the effectiveness of intergenerational programs on reducing ageism toward young people. These results describe the literature and support the reciprocal effectiveness of these programs. Occupational therapists can be instrumental in promoting reduced ageism across the lifespan.

Production of a Monoclonal Antibody by Ascites, Hollow Fiber System, and Transgenic Plants for Vaccine Production Using CB.Hep-1 mAb as a Study Case

Rodolfo Valdés,Andrés Tamayo,Marcos González,Sigifredo Padilla,Déborah Geada,William Ferro,Lorely Milá,Leonardo Gómez,Rosario Alemán,Alberto Leyva,Cristina García,Otto Mendoza,Tatiana Alvarez,Lamay Do 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.1

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) production methods (ascites, in vitro technologies, transgenic animals, and dicot or monocot transgenic plants; moss, algae) have been improved since they were first developed in 1975. In this study, we illustrate a summary of a study case in which mice, a hollow fiber system, and tobacco transgenic plants were assessed for the production of mAb for vaccine manufacturing and vaccine production. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) production methods (ascites, in vitro technologies, transgenic animals, and dicot or monocot transgenic plants; moss, algae) have been improved since they were first developed in 1975. In this study, we illustrate a summary of a study case in which mice, a hollow fiber system, and tobacco transgenic plants were assessed for the production of mAb for vaccine manufacturing and vaccine production.