Observation of Shape, Configuration, and Density of Au Nanoparticles on Various GaAs Surfaces via Deposition Amount, Annealing Temperature, and Dwelling Time

Lee, Daewoo,Li, Ming-Yu,Sui, Mao,Zhang, Quanzhen,Pandey, Puran,Kim, Eun-Soo,Lee, Jihoon Springer US 2015 NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS Vol.10 No.1

<P>Metallic nanoparticles have been widely witnessed in many applications: serving as the catalysts for various nanowire systems, as the active mediums of various device applications, and also for the nanoscale templates for hybrid quantum structures. In the performance of devices and configurations of the resulting nanostructures, the size and density of nanoparticles play critical roles. In this paper, the control of self-assembled Au droplets on GaAs (100), (110), and (111) is systematically investigated through the variation of deposition amount (DA), annealing temperature (AT), and dwelling time (DT). Based on the Volmer–Weber growth model, the formation of Au droplets and dramatic evolution of Au nanostructures on various GaAs surfaces is observed from the Au clusters to the round-dome shapes with the AT variation between 250 and 550 °C. With the systematic DA control, a radical size and density evolution of Au droplets shows the size expansion of over 400 % in average height and 800 % in average lateral diameter, while the density shows over two orders of decrease. With the DT variation, the self-assembled Au droplets tend to grow larger due to the Ostwald ripening while a clear distinction among the surface indexes is observed.</P><P><B>Electronic supplementary material</B></P><P>The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s11671-015-0950-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.</P>

이왕직아악부의 교토 공연 연구

이수정 ( Sui Joung Lee ) 한국음악사학회 2012 한국음악사학보 Vol.49 No.-

이왕직아악부는 일제강점기에 이왕직관련 음악을 담당하던 기구이다. 이왕 직(李王 職)은 일본의 왕실봉작제(王室封爵制)에 따라 일본천왕의 방계(傍系)로 편입하여 주어진 작위의 명칭으로 대한제국 황실을 흡수하여 일본왕의 친족으로 위치를 지워두고, 일본 왕실의 행정관리 업무를 하는 궁내성의 한 부국(部局)에 소속시켜 구조선 왕실인 이왕 가(李王 家)와 이왕 직을 관리하였다. 따라서 이왕직아악부의 음악활동은 자발적으로 할 수 있는 성격의 활동이 아니었다. 이왕직아악부의 음악활동 중 해외연주활동은 1924년 1월 15일에서 25일까지 일본 교 토를 다녀온 공연뿐이다. 그 동안 자세히 밝혀진 내용이 없어 알지 못하다가 장서각 소장의 자료가 공개됨으로 해서 주목하여 연주내용과 목적과 배경들을 살펴보았다. 교토 공연에서는 <서일화지곡><연백복지무><만파정식지곡><요천순일지곡><춘앵전><승평만세지곡><봉황음><무고><정싱지곡>등을 이틀간 나누어 6곡씩 연주하였으며 연주 외에 조선 악기, 음악 유래소개 등을 하여 조선의 음악과 춤을 일본에 일린 것을 알 수 있었다. 이왕직아악부에서 책임자 김영제를 비롯하여 이봉기, 김영기, 김계선, 김수천, 박삼쇠, 고영재, 이병호, 박노아, 박성재, 김선득, 이병성이 파견되었고, 교토 지역의 귀족들과 지식인층, 음악·무용관계자가 관람하였다. 또 교토의 가무회교사에게 <장생보연지무>를 이틀간 전수하였으며, 결혼식 참석차 동경으로 가는 이왕직차관과 예식과장을 기차역에서 배웅하는 행사를 등을 하였다. 일본에서는 <장생보연지무>를 기반으로 도용(都踊, 미야코오도리)의 안무에 사용하였고, 1924년 행사에서 공연되었다. 교토공연의 목적과 그 배경에는 일본왕세자 히로히토의 가례축하의 목적, 일본부흥1년, 만국박람회 참가 오십년기념, 가례축하박람회에서 쓸 도용에 조선음악을 전수받아 도용으로 새롭게 안무하려는 목적 등등이 얽혀서 조선총독부에서 추진한 행사의 하나로 추진되었다는 점을 살펴보았다. Yiwangjik aakpu 李王職雅樂部 (Royal Conservatory of the Yi Household) is an agency in charge of Yiwangjik 李王職 (the Yi Household) - related music during the Japanese colonial era. Yiwangjik is an agency created as a result of Korean Empire court being transferred to Panggye 旁系 of Japanese emperor in accordar1ce with royal Pongjakche封爵制 (investiture system with the tides of nobility). The royal family of Ch0s6n dynasty known as Yiwanga 李王家 and Yiwangjik, were managed under the affiliation with a state agency of the imperial palace in charge of administrative work of Japanese royal family. Therefore, the music activities of Yiwangjik aakpu were not voluntary by nature. Among the musical activities of Yiwangjik aakpu, the only overseas performance is the one held at Kyoto京都, Japan from January 15 till 25 in 1924. The details were kept in the dark until the data held at Changsogak 藏書閣 (Library of the Royal Yi Family) was disclosed. Based on the data, the performance contents, purpose and background were explored closely. In the Kyoto performance, Soirhwa chigok 瑞日和之曲 (piece of Harmony on an Auspicious Day), Yonbaekpok chimu 演百福之舞 (Dance of Bounteous Blessings), Manp`a chongsik chigok 萬波停息之曲 (Piece to Calm Ten-Thousand Waves), yochon sunil chigok 堯天舜日之曲 (piece for the Days of Emperors Yao and Shun), Chunaengjon 春鶯轉 (Spring Nightingale Dance), Sungpyong manse chigok 昇平萬歲之曲 (piece of Ascending to a Peaceful Eternity), Pongbwamgum 鳳凰吟 (Chanting of the Phoenix and Peacock), Mugo 舞故 (Drum Dance) and Chongsang chigok 呈祥之曲 (Piece of Presenting Happiness) were played for two days with six pieces on each day. Besides the performance, musical instruments of Choson and the origin of music were introduced, an indication that the music and dance of Choson were introduced to Japan. For Yiwangjik aakpu, musicians including supervisor Kim Yang-je 金寧濟 were deployed. The performance was watched by aristocrats, intellectuals, and music and dance-related officials in Kyoto area. Also, Changsaeng poyon chimu 長生寶宴之舞 (Long Youth Royal Banquet Dance) was taught to an instructor of music and dance in Kyoto for two days, and a ceremonial event was held to see the vice-minister of Yiwangjik and chief of ceremony on their way to Tokyo to attend a wedding ceremony off at a train station. In Japan, Changsaeng poyon chimu was used for choreography of Miyako odori 都踊, and it was performed at the event in 1924. As for the purpose and background of Kyoto performance, the fact [hat the following factors were all associated for an event conducted by the Japanese Government-General of Korea was explored: purpose of Karye 嘉禮 (congrtulatory rites) celebration for Japanese Crown Prince Hirohito, the first anniversary of Japanese revival, the 50th anniversary of participation in the World Exposition, and the purp:>se of new choreography with Miyako odori based On transferred music of Chosun for Garye celebration fair.

American Decisions on the Korean Provisional Government, 1945

Won Sui Lee 한국국제정치학회 1982 國際政治論叢 Vol.22 No.-

서울의 年降水量 및 夏期降水量의 Normality에 關한 研究

李炳卨(Byong SuI Lee) 한국기상학회 1970 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.6 No.1

흡입관이 부착된 이젝터의 효과에 관한 연구

이행남(HaengNam Lee),박길문(GilMoon Park),박지만(JiMan Park),이덕구(DukGu Lee),설재림(JaeLim Sui) 한국자동차공학회 2003 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

The Ejector is used to get low pressure, and it has been applied to a lot of industry field like the heat engine, the fluid instrument power plant, the food industry, environment industry etc... because there are not any problem even it is mixed with a any kind of liquid, gas, and solid. The flow characteristics in ejector are investigated by PIV and CFD. The experiment using PlY measurement for mixing pipe's flow characteristics acquired velocity distribution, .Condition :when mixing pipe's diameter ratio is 1: 1.9, and the flux is<br/> Q₁= 1.136?? /s, Q₂ = 1.706 ?? /s, Q₃ = 2.276?? /s . Based on the PIV and the CFD results, the flow characteristics in ejector are discussed, and it shows the validity of this study.<br/>

자궁경부검체에서 중합효소연쇄반응을 이용한 Human Papillomavirus type 16 및 18 검출

김영식,이희주,이광길,박수연,이고은,서진태,허주엽 대한임상병리학회 2001 대한임상병리학회지 Vol.21 No.3

Fabrication of self-assembled Au droplets by the systematic variation of the deposition amount on various type-B GaAs surfaces

Sui, Mao,Li, Ming-Yu,Kim, Eun-Soo,Lee, Jihoon Springer 2014 NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS Vol.9 No.1

<P>The fabrication of self-assembled Au droplets is successfully demonstrated on various GaAs (<I>n</I>11)B, where <I>n</I> is 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9, by the systematic variation of the Au deposition amount (DA) from 2 to 12 nm with subsequent annealing at 550°C. Under an identical growth condition, the self-assembled Au droplets of mini to supersizes are successfully synthesized via the Volmer-Weber growth mode. Depending on the DA, an apparent evolution is clearly observed in terms of the average height (AH), lateral diameter (LD), and average density (AD). For example, compared with the mini Au droplets with a DA of 2 nm, AH of 22.5 nm, and LD of 86.5 nm, the super Au droplets with 12-nm DA show significantly increased AH of 316% and LD of 320%, reaching an AH of 71.1 nm and LD of 276.8 nm on GaAs (211)B. In addition, accompanied with the dimensional expansion, the AD of Au droplets drastically swings on 2 orders of magnitudes from 3.2 × 10<SUP>10</SUP> to 4.2 × 10<SUP>8</SUP> cm<SUP>-2</SUP>. The results are systematically analyzed with respect to the atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) spectra, cross-sectional line profiles, Fourier filter transform (FFT) power spectra, and root-mean-square (RMS) roughness as well as the droplet dimension and density summary, respectively.</P>

Au-assisted fabrication of nano-holes on c-plane sapphire via thermal treatment guided by Au nanoparticles as catalysts

Sui, M.,Pandey, P.,Li, M.Y.,Zhang, Q.,Kunwar, S.,Lee, J. New York] ; North-Holland 2017 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.393 No.-

Nanoscale patterning of sapphires is a challenging task due to the high mechanical strength, chemical stability as well as thermal durability. In this paper, we demonstrate a gold droplet assisted approach of nano-hole fabrication on c-plane sapphire via a thermal treatment. Uniformly distributed nano-holes are fabricated on the sapphire surface guided by dome shaped Au nanoparticles (NPs) as catalysts and the patterning process is discussed based on the disequilibrium of vapor, liquid, solid interface energies at the Au NP/sapphire interface induced by the Au evaporation at high temperature. Followed by the re-equilibration of interface energy, transport of alumina from the beneath of NPs to the sapphire surface can occur along the NP/sapphire interface resulting in the formation of nano-holes. The fabrication of nano-holes using Au NPs as catalysts is a flexible, economical and convenient approach and can find applications in various optoelectronics.

Mini droplets to super droplets: evolution of self-assembled Au droplets on GaAs(111)B and (110)

Sui, Mao,Li, Ming-Yu,Kim, Eun-Soo,Lee, Jihoon International Union of Crystallography 2014 Journal of applied crystallography Vol.47 No.2

<P>In this article, the effect of deposition amount on self-assembled Au droplets fabricated on GaAs(111)B and (110) is presented. The investigation is systematically performed by the variation of the Au deposition amount from 2 to 20 nm while fixing the other growth parameters such as annealing temperature and duration to clearly observe the effect. Under identical growth conditions, the self-assembled Au droplets show significantly different size and density depending on the amount of Au deposition:<I>i.e.</I>the average height varies by 436% from 21.8 to 95.5 nm and the average diameter swings by 827% from 52 to 430 nm, showing that the size increase is dominated by the lateral expansion. Meanwhile the average density varies by over two orders of magnitude from 1.24 × 10<SUP>8</SUP>to 4.48 × 10<SUP>10</SUP> cm<SUP>−2</SUP>on GaAs(111)B. With relatively low Au deposition amounts, below 3 nm, round dome-shaped mini Au droplets with high packing density can be fabricated, while super large Au droplets result with higher deposition amounts, above 10 nm, with a density two orders of magnitude lower. It is also found that the surface index has a minor effect on the fabrication of self-assembled Au droplets with the variation of deposition amount. The results are systematically analyzed and discussed in terms of atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images, line profiles, power spectrums, r.m.s. surface roughness, and size and density plots.</P>

Evolution of self-assembled Ag nanostructures on c-plane sapphire by the systematic control of annealing temperature

Sui, M.,Pandey, P.,Kunwar, S.,Li, M.-Y.,Zhang, Q.,Lee, J. Elsevier 2016 Superlattices and microstructures Vol.100 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The morphological evolution of various Ag nanostructures on <I>c</I>-plane sapphire is systematically investigated through the solid-state-dewetting by the control of annealing temperature between 200 and 950 °C with the Ag films of 60 and 10 nm. Various configurations of Ag nanostructures including Ag voids, wiggly and round nanoparticles are fabricated with the 60 nm due to the annealing temperature dependent surface diffusion, surface energy minimization and Ag sublimation. As a sharp distinction, highly dense semi-spherical nanoparticles are fabricated with the 10 nm set throughout the temperature range due to a much higher dewetting degree induced by the enhanced surface diffusion with a much thinner film. The reflectance spectra shows a spectral shift along with the size variation, i.e. blue shift with the decreased size and vice versa. The reflectance and Raman spectra reveal a sharp distinction between the two sets along with the strong correlation to the nanostructure morphology.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Various configurations of self-assembled Ag nanostructures on c-plane sapphire. </LI> <LI> Single configuration Ag nanoparticles throughout the range with a thinner film. </LI> <LI> Detailed morphology study by SEM and AFM. </LI> <LI> Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmation of consistent sublimation above 650 °C. </LI> <LI> Reflectance and Raman of various configurations of Ag nanostructures. </LI> </UL> </P>