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Sliding Wear and Corrosion Resistance of Copper-based Overhead Catenary for Traction Systems
Kwok, C.T.,Wong, P.K.,Man, H.C.,Cheng, F.T. The Korean Society for Railway 2010 International Journal of Railway Vol.3 No.1
In the present study, the electrical sliding wear and corrosion resistance of pure copper (Cu) and six age-hardened copper alloys (CuCr, CuZr, CuCrZr, CuNiSiCr, CuBe and CuBeNi) were investigated by a pin-on-disc tribometer and electrochemical measurement. Various copper-based alloys in the form of cylindrical pin were forced to slide against a counterface stainless steel disc in air under unlubricated condition at a sliding velocity of 31 km/h under normal load up to 20 N with and without electric current. The worn surface of and wear debris from the specimens were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Both mechanical wear and electrical arc erosion were the wear mechanisms for the alloys worn at 50 A. Owing to its good electrical conductivity, high wear and corrosion resistance, CuCrZr is a promising candidate as the overhead catenary material for electric traction systems.
Kwok, Seung-Ki,Seo, Soo-Hong,Ju, Ji Hyeon,Yoon, Chong-Hyeon,Park, Soo Chul,Kim, Bum Soo,Kim, Ho-Youn,Park, Sung-Hwan The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2008 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.23 No.1
<P>Cryptococcal meningitis is a rare complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The nonspecific neurologic findings associated with this infection delays accurate diagnosis because initial neuropsychiatric manifestations of SLE are in instances indistinguishable from that of crytococcal meningitis. We report a case of cryptococcal meningitis presenting with unilateral sixth cranial nerve palsy in a male patient with SLE, which was successfully treated with antifungal agents.</P>
Kwok, SK,Shin, YJ,Kim, HJ,Kim, HS,Kim, JY,Yoo, SA,Choi, JJ,Kim, WU,Cho, CS SAGE Publications 2009 Lupus Vol.18 No.2
<P>Patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) have an increased risk for the development of thrombotic complications. Recent studies indicate that osteoprotegerin (OPG) acts as an important molecule in the development of vascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between serum OPG levels and APS manifestations in patients with SLE. Seventy-nine patients with SLE and ninety-two healthy controls, matched for age and sex, were included in this study. Serum levels of OPG, monocyte chemoattractant protein(MCP)-1 and soluble E-selectin were determined by ELISA. At the time of serum sampling, various clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed. We found that serum levels of OPG were significantly higher in patients with SLE than in healthy controls (1236?±?82 vs 967?±?37?pg/mL, <I>P</I>?=?0.003). Particularly, serum OPG levels were significantly higher in SLE patients with APS than those without (1615?±?191 vs 1171?±?91?pg/mL, <I>P</I>?=?0.006). Serum OPG levels correlated with titres of IgG anti-cardiolipin antibody (<I>P</I>?=?0.026) and anti-β<SUB>2</SUB>-glycoprotein I antibody (<I>P</I>?<?0.001). Moreover, serum OPG also correlated with serum levels of sE-selectin (<I>P</I>?=?0.002), which is an endothelial cell activation marker, and MCP-1 (<I>P</I>?=?0.003), a well known chemokine implicated in thrombogenesis. Collectively, serum OPG levels were increased in SLE patients with APS and correlated with titres of antiphospholipid antibodies, suggesting that OPG might be linked to the development of APS.</P>
PLANETARY NEBULAE: NEW CHALLENGES IN THE 21ST CENTURY
KWOK SUN The Korean Astronomical Society 2005 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.38 No.2
Athough planetary nebulae (PNe) have been discovered for over 200 years, it was not until 30 years ago that we arrived at a basic understanding of their origin and evolution. Even today, with observations covering the entire electromagnetic spectrum from radio to X-ray, there are still many unanswered questions on their structure and morphology. In this review, we summarize recent theoretical and observational advances in PNe research, and discuss the roles of PNe in the chemical (atomic, molecular, and solid-state) enrichment of the galaxy and as tracers of the large scale structure of the Universe.
Optical Consequences of Korean Craniofacial Features
Kwok, L. Stephen,Kim, Douk-Hoon The Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society 2005 한국안광학회지 Vol.10 No.2
This review of the Korean eye anatomy suggests that there may be unsuspected links between anatomical characteristics of the eye and orbit, and optical performance.
Can Growth of a Trading Partner Harm a Country?
( Kwok Tong Soo ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2008 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.23 No.1
Can growth of a trading partner harm a country? This paper seeks to answer this question through the use of an eclectic trade model which is similar in flavour to Markusen (1986). This paper makes two contributions. First, it develops a simple and tractable model of international trade based on a combination of imperfect competition, comparative advantage, and identical but non-homothetic preferences in a three country framework. Second, it uses this framework to consider the possibility of losses from partner-country growth in a free-trading environment. We find that the presence of nonhomothetic preferences in particular, leads to a home bias in consumption which dampens any negative welfare effects when a country`s trading partners grow.