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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Khan F. R. (검색결과 19 건)
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Khan, A . R .,Min, Kyung Sok,Jung, Yong Jun,Forster, C . F . 한국화학공학회 2000 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.17 No.5
The growth characteristics of a foam-forming species, Rhodococcus rubra were studied on different substrates. The basic medium contained Czapek (3.34%), yeast extract (0.2%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.12%), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (0.25%) and ammonium chloride (0.1%). This was supplemented with varying concentrations of glucose (0-2%). The same basic medium was also used to examine the growth of R. rubra in combination with varying concentration of n-hexadecane (0.0-0.5%) as a source of energy while varying the concentration of ammonium chloride in the range 1-3 g l^(-1). Studies based on determining the biomass concentration, the surface activity related to the cell suspensions and measuring the variations in broth pH revealed that glucose encouraged the growth of R. rubra, compared to the control. However, increasing the glucose concentration from 0.1 to 2.0% had no further effect on growth. The surface activity of the cell suspensions increased with increasing glucose concentration. Results similar to glucose were exhibited by the addition of n-hexadecane, suggesting same degree of growth among different concentrations with higher surface activity increasing with increase in substrate concentration. Results have also shown that the pH of all the culture broths decreased as the ammonium chloride concentration increased, suggesting that there was a production of hydrogen ions during the course of its metabolism.
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Khan, S.A.,Zaidi, F.H.,Chaudhry, R.A.,Ashraf, S.K.,Mian, M.S.,Qureshi, I.R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1995 Animal Bioscience Vol.8 No.4
The experiment was conducted to study the comparative pathology of hemic system among three different broiler chicken strains i.e. Hubbard (H), Lohmann (L) and Indian River (IR) suffering from experimentally induced Hydropericardium Syndrome (HPS). For this 50 chicks of each strain were inoculated with HPS inoculum at the age of 21 days and other 50 chicks of each broiler strain were kept as uninoculated control. After slaughtering each bird of both groups was subjected to pathological examination of heart, spleen and aorta and also for determining routine haematological parameters. The maximum values of Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), heterophils and thrombocytes and the minimum values of Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) and Hemoglobin (Hb) content were found in H broiler strain. Percentage of monocytes, basophils and eosinophils also showed maximum decrease in H broiler chicken strain. Gross pathological lesions in the inoculated birds revealed that the heart showed ballooning due to distention of pericardial sac with pericardial fluid. Haemorrhages on the epicardium and flabbiness of the myocardium. Under the microscope, degenerative changes in myocardial tissue were seen. Lesions in the spleen included splenomegaly and haemorrhagic spots. Aorta showed flabbiness of the wall and disruption of endothelium. It is concluded that there is a marked difference in susceptibility of HPS among three different commercial broiler strains. The Hubbard broiler strain is more susceptible which is followed by the Indian River and Lohmann respectively.
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Rheological and mechanical properties of ABS/PC blends
Khan M.M.K.,Liang R.F.,Gupta R.K.,Agarwal S. The Korean Society of Rheology 2005 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.17 No.1
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS), polycarbonate (PC) and their alloys are an important class of engineering thermoplastics that are widely used for automotive industry, computer and equipment housings. For the process of recycling mixtures of ABS and PC, it is desirable to know how sensitive the blend properties are to changes in compositions. It was for this reason that blends of virgin ABS and virgin PC at five different compositions, namely, $15\%,\;30\%,\;50\%,\;70%$ and $85\%$ by weight of ABS were prepared and characterised by rheological and mechanical measurements. Rheological properties of these blends in steady, oscillatory and transient step shear and mechanical properties, namely, tensile strength, elongation-at-break and Izod impact strength are reported. The results show that PC behaves in a relatively Newtonian manner, but ABS exhibits significant shear thinning. The ABS-rich blends show a trend that is similar to that of ABS, while PC-rich blends, namely $0\%$ and $15\%$, exhibit a nearly Newtonian behaviour. However, at a fixed shear rate or frequency, the steady shear or the dynamic viscosity varied respectively in a non-mono-tonic manner with composition. Except for $15\%$ blend, the viscosities of other blends fall into a narrow band indicating a wide-operation window of varying blend ratio. The blends exhibited a lower viscosity than either of the two pure components. The other noticeable feature was that the blends at $70\%$ and $85\%$ ABS content had a higher G' than pure ABS, indicating an enhancement of elastic effect. The tensile yield strength of the blends followed the 'rule of mixtures' showing a decreasing value with the increase of ABS content in PC. However, the elongation-at-break and the impact strength did not appear to obey this 'rule of mixtures,' which suggests that morphology of the blends also plays a significant role in determining the properties. Indeed, scanning electron micrographs of the fracture surfaces of the different blends validate this hypothesis, and the $15\%$ blend is seen to have the most distinct morphology and correspondingly different behaviour and properties.
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Effect of Storage Time on the Rancidity and Metabolizable Energy of Rice Polishing in Poultry
Pasha, T.N.,Khattak, F.M.,Khan, D.R.,Jabbar, M.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.3
The storage of rice polishing (RP) with and without addition of antioxidant for sixteen weeks and its effect on rancidity and metabolizable energy values during the summer season was determined. Fifteen Single Comb White Leghorn cockerels of approximately uniform age and weight were procured and kept in metabolic cages under standard feeding and management practices. Five force feeding trials were conducted. In the first trial, fresh RP with 0 weeks of storage (diet 1 and 2) was used followed by four feeding trials with 4 (diet 3, 4), 8 (diet 5, 6), 12 (diet 7, 8), and 16 (diet 9, 10) weeks of storage of RP. The same birds were used in all trails. The birds were fasted for a period of 21 h, followed by force feeding of 20 g of RP with and without antioxidant for all storage periods. The control/fasting group was also maintained to measure endogenous fecal losses. Excreta were collected after 48 h for the determination of AME and TME values of RP. Along with the biological trials, laboratory assay of the RP stored with and without antioxidant was conducted to measure the extent of rancidity in terms of Thiobarbituric acid value (TBA). The TBA values were affected (p<0.05) by storage period and the values increased when the storage period increased from 4 to 16 weeks. However, the TBA values were significantly reduced (p<0.05) when RP was stored after addition of antioxidant when compared with the values obtained from RP stored without antioxidant (diet 3 vs. 4, 5 vs. 6, 7 vs. 8, and 9 vs. 10). The AME MJ/kg and TME MJ/kg values of RP were neither affected by increase in storage period nor addition of antioxidant. The findings of this study revealed that there was no effect of rancidity and storage time on the nutritive value, AME or TME of RP in poultry. However, TBA values were increased with the increase in storage period.
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Qadri, Firdausi,Ali, Mohammad,Lynch, Julia,Chowdhury, Fahima,Khan, Ashraful Islam,Wierzba, Thomas F,Excler, Jean-Louis,Saha, Amit,Islam, Md Taufiqul,Begum, Yasmin A,Bhuiyan, Taufiqur R,Khanam, Farhana Elsevier 2018 LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES Vol.18 No.6
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>A single-dose regimen of inactivated whole-cell oral cholera vaccine (OCV) is attractive because it reduces logistical challenges for vaccination and could enable more people to be vaccinated. Previously, we reported the efficacy of a single dose of an OCV vaccine during the 6 months following dosing. Herein, we report the results of 2 years of follow-up.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>In this placebo-controlled, double-blind trial done in Dhaka, Bangladesh, individuals aged 1 year or older with no history of receipt of OCV were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of inactivated OCV or oral placebo. The primary endpoint was a confirmed episode of non-bloody diarrhoea for which the onset was at least 7 days after dosing and a faecal culture was positive for <I>Vibrio cholerae</I> O1 or O139. Passive surveillance for diarrhoea was done in 13 hospitals or major clinics located in or near the study area for 2 years after the last administered dose. We assessed the protective efficacy of the OCV against culture-confirmed cholera occurring 7–730 days after dosing with both crude and multivariable per-protocol analyses. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02027207.</P> <P><B>Findings</B></P> <P>Between Jan 10, 2014, and Feb 4, 2014, 205 513 people were randomly assigned to receive either vaccine or placebo, of whom 204 700 (102 552 vaccine recipients and 102 148 placebo recipients) were included in the per-protocol analysis. 287 first episodes of cholera (109 among vaccine recipients and 178 among placebo recipients) were detected during the 2-year follow-up; 138 of these episodes (46 in vaccine recipients and 92 in placebo recipients) were associated with severe dehydration. The overall incidence rates of initial cholera episodes were 0·22 (95% CI 0·18 to 0·27) per 100 000 person-days in vaccine recipients versus 0·36 (0·31 to 0·42) per 100 000 person-days in placebo recipients (adjusted protective efficacy 39%, 95% CI 23 to 52). The overall incidence of severe cholera was 0·09 (0·07 to 0·12) per 100 000 person-days versus 0·19 (0·15 to 0·23; adjusted protective efficacy 50%, 29 to 65). Vaccine protective efficacy was 52% (8 to 75) against all cholera episodes and 71% (27 to 88) against severe cholera episodes in participants aged 5 years to younger than 15 years. For participants aged 15 years or older, vaccine protective efficacy was 59% (42 to 71) against all cholera episodes and 59% (35 to 74) against severe cholera. The protection in the older age groups was sustained throughout the 2-year follow-up. In participants younger than 5 years, the vaccine did not show protection against either all cholera episodes (protective efficacy −13%, −68 to 25) or severe cholera episodes (−44%, −220 to 35).</P> <P><B>Interpretation</B></P> <P>A single dose of the inactivated whole-cell OCV offered protection to older children and adults that was sustained for at least 2 years. The absence of protection of young children might reflect a lesser degree of pre-existing natural immunity in this age group.</P> <P><B>Funding</B></P> <P> <ce:grant-sponsor id='gs3' sponsor-id='http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000865' xlink:type='simple' xlink:role='http://www.elsevier.com/xml/linking-roles/grant-sponsor'>Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</ce:grant-sponsor> to the International Vaccine Institute.</P>
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