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Morphological and Mechanical Behaviour of Cu–Sn Alloys—A review
M. Karthik,J. Abhinav,Karthik V. Shankar 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7
The current paper reviews the research conducted on wrought Cu–Sn, Cu–Sn–Ti and Cu–Sn–Zn alloys intending to revealthe details on morphological and mechanical behaviour during various manufacturing operations. The motivational force ofemploying copper-based alloys in automotive and marine industries is its mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. One of the important factors that afect mechanical properties is micrograph. The grain size, grain distribution, heat treatment, morphological behaviour and the intermediate phase formation highly infuence the properties of the copper-basedalloys. Moreover, the change in microstructure through diferent manufacturing process (wrought process), heat treatmentand addition of alloying element also improve the mechanical and thermal properties. This paper aims to review the majorconclusions on improving the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of wrought Cu–Sn, Cu–Sn–Zn and Cu–Sn–Ti alloys. Analysis and observations of each investigation were prepared by incorporating the morphological results obtained throughOptical Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope, X-ray Difraction Technique andElectron Dispersive Spectroscopy. This review paper also attempts to give the areas of future researches and developmentsthat can be made for these wrought alloys.
Carbon-allotropes: synthesis methods, applications and future perspectives
Karthik, P.S.,Himaja, A.L.,Singh, Surya Prakash 한국탄소학회 2014 Carbon Letters Vol.15 No.4
The element carbon has been used as a source of energy for the past few hundred years, and now in this era of technology, carbon has played a significant and very prominent role in almost all fields of science and technology. So as an honour to this marvellous element, we humans should know about its various forms of existence. In this review article, we shed light on all possible carbon-allotropes; similarities in their synthesis techniques and the starting materials; their wide range of possible availability; and finally, future perspectives and applications. A brief introduction is given on the types, structures, and shapes of the allotropes of carbon for a better understanding.
Responsiveness of Commonly Used Patient-Reported Outcome Instruments in Lumbar Microdiscectomy
Karthik Vishwanathan,Ian Braithwaite 대한척추외과학회 2019 Asian Spine Journal Vol.13 No.5
Study Design: Prospective observational cohort study. Purpose: To evaluate the comparative responsiveness of Oswestry Disability Index (ODI, version 2.0), 24-item Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) physical component score (PCS), and SF-12 mental component score (MCS) in patients that underwent micro-discectomy for lumbar disc herniation. Overview of Literature: Responsiveness is a context specific term and no study has reported the responsiveness of ODI version 2.0, RMDQ, SF-12 PCS, or SF-12 MCS in discectomy patients. Methods: Responsiveness was assessed using distribution-based methods (effect size [ES], standardized response means [SRM], SRM difference between patients who improved and those who did not show improvement [SRM difference]), and the anchor-based method (area under the curve [AUC] of receiver operating characteristic curves). Values of ES and SRM higher than 0.8, and AUC value higher than 0.7 suggest adequate responsiveness. Outcome instrument demonstrating the highest value of SRM difference and AUC was considered the most responsive. Results: Responsiveness was assessed in 98 participants at a mean follow-up time of 12 weeks postoperatively. The overall ES of RMDQ, ODI, SF-12 PCS, and SF-12 MCS was 2.15, 2.11, 2.08, and 0.86, respectively. The overall SRM of ODI, RMDQ, SF-12 PCS, and SF-12 MCS was 1.36, 1.43, 1.24, and 0.65, respectively. The SRM difference in RMDQ, ODI, SF-12 PCS, and SF-12 MCS was 2.64, 2.26, 1.32, and 1.29, respectively. The AUC of ODI, RMDQ, SF-12 PCS, and SF-12 MCS was 0.96, 0.96, 0.83, and 0.83, respectively. Conclusions: ODI, RMDQ, SF-12 PCS, and SF-12 MCS demonstrated adequate responsiveness in a homogenous cohort of patients who underwent lumbar micro-discectomy. ODI and RMDQ are equally responsive and, thus, are interchangeable instruments for region specific outcomes. Both the SF-12 PCS and SF-12 MCS can assess the quality of life following lumbar micro-discectomy.
Karthik Bommannan,Man Updesh Singh Sachdeva,Pankaj Malhotra,Narender Kumar,Prashant Sharma,Shano Naseem,Jasmina Ahluwalia,Reena Das,Neelam Varma,Gaurav Prakash,Alka Khadwal,Radhika Srinivasan,Subhash 대한혈액학회 2016 Blood Research Vol.51 No.1
BackgroundPlasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare and aggressive plasma cell neoplasm. In PCL, clonal plasma cells comprise ≥20% of the peripheral blood (PB) leukocytes and/or the absolute clonal PB plasma cell count is ≥2×109/L. Primary PCL (PPCL) originates de novo, whereas, secondary PCL (SPCL) evolves from pre-existing multiple myeloma.MethodsClinicohematological features, immunophenotypic profile, and survival of PCL patients were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsBetween January 2007 and December 2014, ten PPCL and four SPCL patients were inves-tigated (8 PPCLs and 3 SPCLs had complete clinical data). All were North Indians, sharing common geography and ethnicity. Our cohort showed less frequent renal failure, more frequent hepatomegaly, and non-secretory type disease. In contrast to western literature, flow cytometric immunophenotyping of our cohort revealed altered expression of CD138 (67%), CD56 (33%), and CD20 (0%). With novel therapeutic agents, these PPCL patients had a median overall survival of 15 months.ConclusionWe highlight that our PPCL patients from North India had distinct clinicohematological and immunophenotypic profiles. The significance of our findings must be tested in a larger patient cohort and must be supported by molecular and cytogenetic investigations to un-mask possible significant effects on pathogenesis.
Karthik, Namachivayam,Edison, Thomas Nesakumar Jebakumar Immanuel,Sethuraman, Mathur Gopalakrishnan,Lee, Yong Rok Elsevier BV * North-Holland 2017 Applied Surface Science Vol.396 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Copper/nickel oxide composite foam (Cu/Ni) with petal array-like textures were successfully fabricated via a facile sonochemical approach, and its applications as a pseudocapacitive material for energy storage were examined. The nickel foam was immersed into a mixture of copper chloride (CuCl<SUB>2</SUB>) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) and subsequently sonicated for 30min at 60°C. As a result of galvanic replacement, nickel was oxidized while copper was reduced, and the walls of the nickel foam were coated with copper particles. Studies using field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyses confirmed the morphology and chemical structure of the as-obtained Cu/Ni oxide composite foam. The supercapacitive performance of the as-fabricated Cu/Ni oxide composite foam was evaluated in 2M KOH by employing cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses. Cyclic voltammograms revealed that the Cu/Ni oxide composite foam exhibited pseudocapacitive behavior and delivered a high specific capacitance of 1773Fg<SUP>−1</SUP> at a scan rate of 5mVs<SUP>−1</SUP>. This improvement may be attributed to the morphology, surface functionalization with heteroatoms, hydrogen evolution, and high conductivity, along with the low resistance due to short path lengths for electron transportation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A composite Ni foam textured with Cu particles was fabricated by a sonication method. </LI> <LI> The foam can be used as a pseudocapacitive material for energy storage applications. </LI> <LI> The foam has a high specific capacitance of 1773Fg<SUP>−1</SUP> at a scan rate of 5mVs<SUP>−1</SUP>. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>