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Public accountability in the Internet age: changing roles for governments and citizens
Iris Vanhommerig,Philip Marcel Karré 한국행정학회 2014 International Review of Public Administration Vol.19 No.2
The Internet has created opportunities for instant and cheap communication, includingcommunication between government and citizens. The interactive capabilities of Web 2.0 in general and social media in particular have turned this communication from a (mostly) one-way stream to an interactive experience. This low-cost, accessible medium has levelled the playing field between government and citizen: everyone now has the means to organize and spread a message at their fingertips. As a result, the role of citizens in the public discourse has changed: they have become monitorial citizens and armchair auditors. Public accountability, one of the key processes in any democracy, is changing and become a more dynamic process. In this article we describe this trend and discuss its implications.
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Representation of Social Struggles in Korean and Philippine ELT Textbooks
Ballena, Mae Karr Ruth,심영숙(Shim, Young-Sook) 한국사회언어학회 2018 사회언어학 Vol.26 No.1
The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 26(1). 201~228. The present study investigates the representations of social struggles depicted in middle school English textbooks published in Korea and the Philippines. The data consists of 200 reading selections from 18 volumes of Korean textbooks and 108 reading selections from 3 volumes of Philippine textbooks. A total of 39 instances of social struggles were identified from the data analysis, and the following categories emerged from careful reviews of those instances: (1) social struggles involving social groups, which are further divided into subcategories such as gender, generation, socioeconomic class, social rank, race, and the colonizer/colonized; and (2) social struggles involving resources, which are subdivided into education, basic necessity, and technology. Findings show that social struggles associated with gender, colonization, education, and technology are common among Philippine and Korean ELT textbooks. The data analysis also reveals that Philippine textbooks present a wider array and more in-depth contextualization of social struggles while representational issues on stereotyping, desensitization, and juxtaposition of elements are found in Korean textbooks. Related to the research findings, some educational implications are provided particularly from the perspective of critical pedagogy.
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나승수,Dale G. Karr 대한조선학회 2016 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.8 No.6
It is necessary to develop an efficient optimization technique to perform optimum designs which have given design spaces, discrete design values and several design goals. As optimization techniques, direct search method and stochastic search method are widely used in designing of ship structures. The merit of the direct search method is to search the optimum points rapidly by considering the search direction, step size and convergence limit. And the merit of the stochastic search method is to obtain the global optimum points well by spreading points randomly entire the design spaces. In this paper, Pareto Strategy (PS) multi-objective function method is developed by considering the search direction based on Pareto optimal points, the step size, the convergence limit and the random number generation. The success points between just before and current Pareto optimal points are considered. PS method can also apply to the single objective function problems, and can consider the discrete design variables such as plate thickness, longitudinal space, web height and web space. The optimum design results are compared with existing Random Search (RS) multi-objective function method and Evolutionary Strategy (ES) multi-objective function method by performing the optimum designs of double bottom structure and double hull tanker which have discrete design values. Its superiority and effectiveness are shown by comparing the optimum results with those of RS method and ES method.
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Modeling of air cushion vehicle's flexible seals under steady state conditions
Zalek, Steven F.,Karr, Dale G.,Jabbarizadeh, Sara,Maki, Kevin J. Techno-Press 2011 Ocean systems engineering Vol.1 No.1
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the efficacy of modeling a surface effect ship's air-cushion flexible seal utilizing a two-dimensional beam under steady state conditions. This effort is the initial phase of developing a more complex three-dimensional model of the air-seal-water fluid-structure interaction. The beam model incorporates the seal flexural rigidity and mass with large deformations while assuming linear elastic material response. The hydrodynamic pressure is derived utilizing the OpenFOAM computational fluid dynamic (CFD) solver for a given set of steady-state flow condition. The pressure distribution derived by the CFD solver is compared with the pressure required to deform the seal beam model. The air pressure, flow conditions and seal geometry are obtained from experimental analysis. The experimental data was derived from large-scale experimental tests utilizing a test apparatus of a canonical surface effect ship's flexible seal in a towing tank over a variety of test conditions.
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Na, Seung-Soo,Karr, Dale G. The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 2016 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.8 No.6
It is necessary to develop an efficient optimization technique to perform optimum designs which have given design spaces, discrete design values and several design goals. As optimization techniques, direct search method and stochastic search method are widely used in designing of ship structures. The merit of the direct search method is to search the optimum points rapidly by considering the search direction, step size and convergence limit. And the merit of the stochastic search method is to obtain the global optimum points well by spreading points randomly entire the design spaces. In this paper, Pareto Strategy (PS) multi-objective function method is developed by considering the search direction based on Pareto optimal points, the step size, the convergence limit and the random number generation. The success points between just before and current Pareto optimal points are considered. PS method can also apply to the single objective function problems, and can consider the discrete design variables such as plate thickness, longitudinal space, web height and web space. The optimum design results are compared with existing Random Search (RS) multi-objective function method and Evolutionary Strategy (ES) multi-objective function method by performing the optimum designs of double bottom structure and double hull tanker which have discrete design values. Its superiority and effectiveness are shown by comparing the optimum results with those of RS method and ES method.
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EMISSION MECHANISM OF “GREEN FUZZIES” IN HIGH-MASS STAR-FORMING REGIONS
Takami, Michihiro,Chen, How-Huan,Karr, Jennifer L.,Lee, Hsu-Tai,Lai, Shih-Ping,Minh, Young-Chol IOP Publishing 2012 The Astrophysical journal Vol.748 No.1
<P>The Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) on the Spitzer Space Telescope has revealed that a number of high- mass protostars are associated with extended mid- infrared emission, particularly prominent at 4.5 mu m. These are called 'Green Fuzzy' emission or 'Extended Green Objects.' We present color analysis of this emission toward six nearby (d = 2- 3 kpc) well- studied high- mass protostars and three candidate high- mass protostars identified with the Spitzer GLIMPSE survey. In our color- color diagrams, most of the sources show a positive correlation between the [3.6]-[4.5] and [3.5]-[5.8] colors along the extinction vector in all or part of the region. We compare the colors with those of scattered continuum associated with the low- mass protostar L 1527, modeled scattered continuum in cavities, shocked emission associated with low- mass protostars, modeled H2 emission for thermal and fluorescent cases, and modeled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission. Of the emission mechanisms discussed above, scattered continuum provides the simplest explanation for the observed linear correlation. In this case, the color variation within each object is attributed to different foreground extinctions at different positions. Alternative possible emission mechanisms to explain this correlation may be a combination of thermal and fluorescent H2 emission in shocks, and a combination of scattered continuum and thermal H2 emission, but detailed models or spectroscopic follow- up are required to investigate this possibility further. Our color- color diagrams also show possible contributions from PAHs in two objects. However, none of our samples show clear evidence for PAH emission directly associated with the high- mass protostars, several of which should be associated with ionizing radiation. This suggests that these protostars are heavily embedded even at mid- infrared wavelengths.</P>
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Bandi, Venugopal,El-Khouly, Mohamed E.,Nesterov, Vladimir N.,Karr, Paul A.,Fukuzumi, Shunichi,D’Souza, Francis American Chemical Society 2013 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.117 No.11
<P>Using near-IR emitting photosensitizers, viz., zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), zinc naphthalocyanine (ZnNc), and BF<SUB>2</SUB>-chelated azadipyrromethene (azaBODIPY), donor–acceptor conjugates have been newly formed using the well-known metal–ligand axial coordination approach. To accomplish this task, the electron-deficient azaBODIPY was functionalized to possess either two pyridine or imidazole ligating entities. The X-ray crystal structure of one such derivative revealed the presence of axial binding capable pyridine entities on the azaBODIPY macrocycle. The structural integrity of the newly formed conjugates was established from optical absorption, emission, <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR, electrochemical, and computational methods. The experimentally determined binding constants suggested moderately stable conjugates. The absence of excitation energy transfer from singlet excited azaBODIPY to either ZnPc or ZnNc in the conjugates was confirmed from the steady-state emission measurements. However, free-energy calculations suggested photoinduced electron transfer to be exothermic from singlet excited ZnPc or ZnNc to azaBODIPY. Femtosecond transient studies confirmed such predictions from where occurrence of ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer was observed. The measured rates of charge separation and charge recombination (<I>k</I><SUB>CS</SUB> and <I>k</I><SUB>CR</SUB>) revealed charge stabilization to some extent in these conjugates.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2013/jpccck.2013.117.issue-11/jp400046b/production/images/medium/jp-2013-00046b_0015.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp400046b'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
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