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( Mikhail Karpov ) 국민대학교 유라시아연구소 2012 Eurasian Review Vol.5 No.-
In summer 2004 Hong Kong based famous economist Lang Xianping (Larry Lang) made a number of harsh critical statements regarding state property reform in Mainland China. This critic provoked big discussion among leading Chinese economists (perhaps the biggest one in the recent decade) and seriously polarized public opinion. The core of the discussion were the questions concerning economic nature and socio-political consequences of the state assets passing via semi-legal ways into private hands, managers` “moral hazard”, state sector efficiency and trustful corporate governance in today`s China. Many observers, irrespective whether they agree or oppose to Lang Xianping`s critic, tended to recognize the current “property transition” at Chinese state assets as privatization. The article below argues that the processes going on and even accelerating in the recent couple of years in Chinese state sector are by no means a privatization in the strict sense. They represent a sort of a contract between the party-state organs and state assets` management allowing the latter to dispose of the assets in the already existing setting of “multiple-track” contract pricing which took shape by mid-90s. Although not a classical privatization these steps constitute an important and perhaps unavoidable stage prior to it.
Igor Stoma,Igor Karpov,Natalia Milanovich,Anatoly Uss,Igor Iskrov 대한혈액학회 2016 Blood Research Vol.51 No.2
BackgroundBloodstream infections (BSI) remain a frequent complication during the pre-engraftment period after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), resulting in high mortality rates. This study evaluated risk factors for mortality in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with BSI in the pre-engraftment period.MethodsThis prospective case control study was performed at the Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation in Minsk, Republic of Belarus. Data relating to patient age and gender, date and type of transplantation, conditioning chemotherapy regimen, micro-organisms isolated from blood, and antibacterial therapy were prospectively collected from all hematopoietic stem cell recipients with microbiologically proven cases of BSI in the pre-engraftment period. The primary outcome was all-cause 30-day mortality after onset of febrile neutropenia. ResultsA total of 135 adult patients with microbiologically proven BSI after HSCT were studied, with 65.2% of cases caused by gram-negative microorganisms and 21.5% by non-fer-menting bacteria. Inadequate empiric antibacterial therapy and isolation of carbape-nem-resistant non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria (Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were independently associated with increased all-cause 30-day mortality in these patients. ConclusionThe risk factors for mortality in adult patients with BSI in the pre-engraftment period after HSCT were inadequacy of empirical antibacterial therapy and isolation of carbapenem-re-sistant A. baumannii or P. aeruginosa.
Wang, H.,Woo, W.,Kim, D.K.,Em, V.,Karpov, I.D.,An, G.B.,Lee, S.Y. Elsevier 2018 Materials characterization Vol.144 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The residual stresses, microstructural heterogeneities, and mechanical properties were extensively examined in a 25 mm thick weld consisting of two regions which respectively undergo phase transformation at relatively low (100 °C) temperature (LTT) and high (670 °C) temperature (HTT) during cooling. Due to the LTT martensitic transformation, which features a transformation strain of ~4000 με, large compressive residual stress (−510 MPa) was generated as confirmed by neutron diffraction and contour method. Meanwhile, significant heterogeneities were observed in terms of the chemical composition, yield strength, and microhardness across the interface between the LTT and HTT regions. The dependency of martensitic transformation starting temperature (<I>M</I> <SUB> <I>s</I> </SUB>) on chemical composition is empirically formulated, and it reveals that the dependency of <I>M</I> <SUB> <I>s</I> </SUB> on the Ni and Cr compositions becomes stronger when the temperature is lower than 200 °C. The maximum change of residual stresses (<I>σ</I> <SUB> <I>x</I> </SUB> <SUP> <I>max</I> </SUP>) exponentially decreases as <I>M</I> <SUB> <I>s</I> </SUB> decreases in the manner of <I>σ</I> <SUB> <I>x</I> </SUB> <SUP> <I>max</I> </SUP> <I>=</I> 97.5 exp(<I>M</I> <SUB> <I>s</I> </SUB>/227)-649. The fracture behavior was found highly dependent upon the volume fraction of retained austenite influenced by <I>M</I> <SUB> <I>s</I> </SUB>. While a ductile fracture mode was found in the cellular LTT region containing relatively higher amount of retained austenite (~10%), the interface shows transgranular brittle fracture features and sub-cracking due to the relatively small amount of retained austenite and the predominant martensite constituent.</P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>