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Synthesis and characterization of Co and Mn doped NiO nanoparticles
Kaliyan Vallalperuman,Mathivanan Parthibavarman,Sekar Sathishkumar,Manickam Durairaj,Kuppusamy Thavamani 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.4
Diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) are intensively studied for their potential spintronics applications,especially those with Curie temperature above the room temperature. Ni1−xMnxO and Ni1−xCoxO (x=1% & 2%),nanoparticles with size around 40-50 nm, were prepared by co-precipitation method. An NiO single phase structurewas confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction measurements. Also, diffraction peaks show a systematic shift towardshigher angle with an increase in Mn concentration, which is associated with the lattice variation. The samples werepelleted and examined for its magnetic property using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM); it indicates paramagnetic-like behavior at room temperature. The increase in a.c conductivity with increasing temperature is attributed tothe increase in drift mobility of the charge carriers.
Tiffany, Douglas G.,Lee, Won Fy,Morey, Vance,Kaliyan, Nalladurai Techno-Press 2013 Advances in energy research Vol.1 No.2
Torrefaction technologies convert assorted biomass feedstocks into energy-concentrated, carbon neutral fuel that is economically transported and easily ground for blending with fossil coals at numerous power plants around the world without needs to retrofit. Utilization of torrefied biomass in conventional electric generating units may be an increasingly attractive alternative for electricity generation as aging power plants in the world need to be upgraded or improved. This paper examines the economic feasibility of torrefaction in different scenarios by modeling torrefaction plants producing 136,078 t/year (150,000 ton/year) biocoal from wood and corn stover. The utilization of biocoal blends in existing coal-fired power plants is modeled to determine the demand for this fuel in the context of emerging policies regulating emissions from coal in the U.S. setting. Opportunities to co-locate torrefaction facilities adjacent to corn ethanol plants and coal-fired power plants are explored as means to improve economics for collaborating businesses. Life cycle analysis was conducted in parallel to this economic study and was used to determine environmental impacts of converting biomass to biocoal for blending in coal-fired power plants as well as the use of substantial flows of off-gasses produced in the torrefaction process. Sensitivity analysis of the financial rates of return of the different businesses has been performed to measure impacts of different factors, whether input prices, output prices, or policy measures that render costs or rewards for the businesses.