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Kim, In-Bok,Khim, Dongyoon,Jang, Soo-Young,Kim, Jihong,Yu, Byung-kwan,Kim, Yeong-A,Kim, Dong-Yu Elsevier 2015 ORGANIC ELECTRONICS Vol.26 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Donor–acceptor (D–A) type conjugated polymers have been developed to absorb longer wavelength light in polymer solar cells (PSCs) and to achieve a high charge carrier mobility in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). PDTDP, containing dithienothiophene (DTT) as the electron donor and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) as the electron acceptor, was synthesized by stille polycondensation in order to achieve the advantages of D–A type conjugated polymers. The polymer showed optical band gaps of 1.44 and 1.42eV in solution and in film, respectively, and a HOMO level of 5.09eV. PDTDP and PC<SUB>71</SUB>BM blends with 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) exhibited improved performance in PSCs with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.45% under AM 1.5G irradiation. By investigating transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the light intensity dependence of <I>J</I> <SUB>SC</SUB> and <I>V</I> <SUB>OC</SUB>, we conclude that DIO acts as a processing additive that helps to form a nanoscale phase separation between donor and acceptor, resulting in an enhancement of <I>μ</I> <SUB>h</SUB> and <I>μ</I> <SUB>e</SUB>, which affects the <I>J</I> <SUB>SC</SUB>, EQE, and PCE of PSCs. The charge carrier mobilities of PDTDP in OFETs were also investigated at various annealing temperatures and the polymer exhibited the highest hole and electron mobilities of 2.53cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> at 250°C and 0.36cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> at 310°C, respectively. XRD and AFM results demonstrated that the thermal annealing temperature had a critical effect on the changes in the crystallinity and morphology of the polymer. The low-voltage device was fabricated using high-<I>k</I> dielectric, P(VDF-TrFE) and P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE), and the carrier mobility of PDTDP was reached 0.1cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> at <I>V</I> <SUB>d</SUB> =−5V. PDTDP complementary inverters were fabricated, and the high ambipolar characteristics of the polymer resulted in an output voltage gain of more than 25.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We describe the synthesis and characterizations for donor–acceptor copolymer, PDTDP. </LI> <LI> PDTDP shows high crystallinity and appropriate energy levels for ambipolar OFETs. </LI> <LI> We achieved a 4.45% efficiency with processing additive, DIO, in PSCs. </LI> <LI> We achieve ambipolar field effect mobilities, <I>μ</I> <SUB>h</SUB> ∼2.53 and <I>μ</I> <SUB>e</SUB> ∼0.36cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP>. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
ARC-H: Adaptive replacement cache management for heterogeneous storage devices
Kim, Young-Jin,Kim, Jihong Elsevier 2012 JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE - Vol.58 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Heterogeneous storage architectures combine the strengths of different storage devices in a synergistically useful fashion, and are increasingly being used in mobile storage systems. In this paper, we propose ARC-H, an adaptive cache replacement algorithm for heterogeneous storage systems consisting of a hard disk and a NAND flash memory. ARC-H employs a dynamically adaptive management policy based on ghost buffers and takes account of recency, I/O cost per device, and workload patterns in making cache replacement decisions. Realistic trace-driven simulations show that ARC-H reduces service time by up to 88% compared with existing caching algorithms with a 20Mb cache. ARC-H also reduces energy consumption by up to 81%.</P>
Kim, Nam-Koo,Khim, Dongyoon,Xu, Yong,Lee, Seung-Hoon,Kang, Minji,Kim, Jihong,Facchetti, Antonio,Noh, Yong-Young,Kim, Dong-Yu American Chemical Society 2014 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.6 No.12
<P>N-channel organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have generally shown lower field-effect mobilities (μ<SUB>FET</SUB>) than their p-type counterparts. One of the reasons is the energetic misalignment between the work function (WF) of commonly used charge injection electrode, i.e. gold (Au), and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of n-channel electron-transporting organic semiconductors. Here, we report barium salts as solution-processed interlayers, to improve the electron-injection and/or hole-blocking in top-gate/bottom-contact n-channel OFETs, based on poly{[<I>N,N</I>′-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-<I>alt</I>-5,5′-(2,2′-dithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD-T2)) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC<SUB>61</SUB>BM). Two different barium salts, barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)<SUB>2</SUB>) and barium chloride (Ba(Cl)<SUB>2</SUB>), are employed as the ultrathin interlayer (∼2 nm); and they effectively tune the WF of Au from 4.9 eV, to as low as 3.5 eV. The resulting n-channel OFETs exhibit significantly improved μ<SUB>FET</SUB>, approaching 2.6 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/(V s) and 0.1 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/(V s) for the best P(NDI2OD-T2) and PC<SUB>61</SUB>BM devices, respectively, with Ba(OH)<SUB>2</SUB> as interlayer.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2014/aamick.2014.6.issue-12/am502007j/production/images/medium/am-2014-02007j_0008.gif'></P>
PAW: A Pattern-Aware Write Policy for a Flash Non-volatile Cache
KIM, Young-Jin,KIM, Jihong,LEE, Jeong-Bae,RIM, Kee-Wook The Institute of Electronics, Information and Comm 2010 IEICE transactions on information and systems Vol.93 No.11
<P>In disk-based storage systems, non-volatile write caches have been widely used to reduce write latency as well as to ensure data consistency at the level of a storage controller. Write cache policies should basically consider which data is important to cache and evict, and they should also take into account the real I/O features of a non-volatile device. However, existing work has mainly focused on improving basic cache operations, but has not considered the I/O cost of a non-volatile device properly. In this paper, we propose a pattern-aware write cache policy, PAW for a NAND flash memory in disk-based mobile storage systems. PAW is designed to face a mix of a number of sequential accesses and fewer non-sequential ones in mobile storage systems by redirecting the latter to a NAND flash memory and the former to a disk. In addition, PAW employs the synergistic effect of combining a pattern-aware write cache policy and an I/O clustering-based queuing method to strengthen the sequentiality with the aim of reducing the overall system I/O latency. For evaluations, we have built a practical hard disk simulator with a non-volatile cache of a NAND flash memory. Experimental results show that our policy significantly improves the overall I/O performance by reducing the overhead from a non-volatile cache considerably over a traditional one, achieving a high efficiency in energy consumption.</P>
JiHong Kim,HyeSeon Lee,GwangMo Hwang 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2011 Journal of Forest Science Vol.27 No.1
Based upon the vegetation data of woody plants by plot sampling method in the natural deciduous forest of Mt. Jeombong, the study was carried out to examine importance value, rank abundance curve, and species abundance curve, and comparatively evaluate seven different species diversity indices for Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, McIntosh index, Log series, Margalef index, Berger-Parker index, and species richness, according to topographic positions. The minimal area which meant only few more species were increased was 3.48 ha in total. The dominant species of valley were Carpinus cordata, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Quercus mongolica, Acer mono, and Abies holophylla, and the dominant species of mid-slope were Quercus mongolica, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Carpinus cordata, Tilia amurensis, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla. Moreover, the dominant species of ridge were Quercus mongolica, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Tilia amurensis, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, and Acer mono. According to rank abundance curve and species abundance curve, species evenness was also low. All of Log series, species richness, Margalef, and Shannon-Wiener index discriminated that valley had the highest diversity, and ridge had the lowest diversity; but, Simpson index, McIntosh index, and Berger-Parker index represented that mid-slope had the highest diversity, and ridge had the lowest diversity. Uniquely, in Berger-Parker index, mid-slope was the higher value than total.
Kim, Jihong,Khim, Dongyoon,Kang, Rira,Lee, Seung-Hoon,Baeg, Kang-Jun,Kang, Minji,Noh, Yong-Young,Kim, Dong-Yu American Chemical Society 2014 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.6 No.11
<P>Here, we report the simultaneous attainment of efficient electron injection and enhanced stability under ambient conditions for top-gate/bottom-contact (TG/BC), n-type, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) using water-soluble polyfluorene derivatives (WPFs). When inserting the WPF interlayers between a semiconductor and the BC Au electrodes, initially the ambipolar (6,6)-phenyl-C<SUB>61</SUB>butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) OFETs were fully converted to unipolar charge transport characteristics that were exclusively n-type with significantly increased electron mobilities as high as 0.12 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/(V s) and a decreased threshold voltage. These improvements were mostly attributed to the interfacial dipoles of WPF layers that aligned to form a favorable energy band structure for efficient electron injection and to effectively block counter charge carriers. These were confirmed when values for the reduced work function of metal electrodes with WPFs and their correlated contact resistance were measured via the ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy and the transmission-line method, respectively. Moreover, the WPF interlayers played an important role in air stability of PCBM OFETs that exhibited higher and appreciably enhanced by increasing the ethylene-oxide side chain lengths of WPFs, which presumably was due to the water/oxygen/ion capturing effects in the hydrophilic interlayers.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2014/aamick.2014.6.issue-11/am500466q/production/images/medium/am-2014-00466q_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am500466q'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Kim, Seong Han,Yang, Seo Yeon,You, Jihong,Lee, Sang Bae,You, Jin,Chang, Yoon Soo,Kim, Hyung Jung,Ahn, Chul Min,Byun, Min Kwang,Park, Hye Jung,Park, Jung-Won The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2016 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.79 No.4
Background: Specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization to staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) has been recently considered to be related to allergic disease, including asthma. Despite studies on specific IgE (sIgE) to SE and its relationship to asthma diagnosis and severity, the association of sIgE to SE with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) remains unclear. Methods: We enrolled 81 asthma patients admitted to the Severance Hospital in Korea from March 1, 2013, to February 28, 2015 and retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of the enrolled subjects. The serum levels of sIgE to SE (A/B) of all subjects was measured using the ImmunoCAP 250 (Phadia) system with SE-sIgE positive defined as >0.10 kU/mL. Results: The SE-sIgE level was not significantly correlated with asthma severity (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [$FEV_1$], $FEV_1$/forced vital capacity, sputum eosinophils, and serum eosinophils), whereas the SE-sIgE level in patients with positive AHR ($mean{\pm}standard$ error of the mean, $0.606{\pm}0.273kU/mL$) was significantly higher than that in patients with negative AHR ($0.062{\pm}0.015kU/mL$, p=0.034). In regression analysis, SE sensitization (sIgE to SE ${\geq}0.010kU/mL$) was a significant risk factor for AHR, after adjustment for age, sex, $FEV_1$, and sputum eosinophils (odds ratio, 7.090; 95% confidence interval, 1.180-42.600; p=0.032). Prevalence of SE sensitization was higher in patients with allergic rhinitis and non-atopic asthma patients, as compared to patients without allergic rhinitis and atopic asthma patients, respectively, but without statistical significance. Conclusion: SE sensitization is significantly associated with AHR.