榮山湖 上流支術의 水質에 관한 硏究 : 極藥江을 中心으로 On the Geuk-Rak river

朱興珪,文大中 조선대학교 약학연구소 1992 藥學硏究誌 Vol.14 No.1

Physico-chemical and microbiological research of water quality of Geukrak River, on of the three tributary streams of the upper stream from Lake Youngsan, was performed in February 1992, on March 1992, and results are obtained from this research as the following: 1. The pH of the whole research area is 7.0 to 7.6, comparatively homogeneous of all area, which says that there is no special factors to change the pH around Geukrak River noticeably. 2. The DO is 5.7ppm to 9.0ppm at the first observation, and 5.4ppm to 8.8ppm a little bit lower at the second observation, but it is distributed in similar pattern througout all research area. 3. The BOD is 2.9ppm to 3.7ppm except Site l and Site 3 during the whole research period, that makes comparatively stable quality of lake water. But it is 4.1ppm and 4.8ppm at Site l, and 4.7ppm at Site 3, owing to the influence of various untreated organic substances from the outlets of the urban life sewage treatment plant of Kwangju City. 4. Except Site 2 and Site 3, 1.0ppm to 5.8ppm of NH_3-N, 0.08ppm to 0.29ppm of NO_2-N, 1.15ppm to 3.20ppm of NO_3-N, and 0.01ppm to 0.04ppm of PO_4-P are observed, all comparatively low. But NH_3-N and PO_3-P are observed to be 5.5ppm to 8.0ppm, 8.3ppm to 10.5ppm, and 0.06ppm to 0.08ppm at Site 2 and Site 3, higher than other areas due to the same cause as in case of BOD. 5. Each of Cl-ion and Hareness are 27.02ppm to 36.87ppm and 22.40ppm to 37.52ppm, respectively, at the first observation, and 33.01ppm to 41.48ppm, and 44.14ppm to 76.01ppm, respectively, at the second observation. A little bit of increase is found at the second observation from the first observation, but it is considered that this increase is not due to dangerous point source contamination, compared to other rivers, but maily due to the quality of soil. 6. Normal bacteria and E. Coli are 1.8×10^2 to 2.4×10^4, and 1.2×10^2 to 1.9×10^4 over the whole research area. It shows diverse distribution, but pretty low compared to other rivers. However, 2.2×10^3 to 1.9×10^4 of E. Coli analyzed from Site l to Site 3. and this fact draws special attention to the management of water quality of Geukrak River, considering that these sites are the closest to the main stream of Lake Youngsan.

榮山湖 上流支流의 水質에 관한 硏究 : 黃龍江에 대하여 On the Hwang Ryong river

朱興珪,朴勝吉 조선대학교 약학연구소 1994 藥學硏究誌 Vol.16 No.1

Physico-chemical and microbiological research of water quality of Hwang ryong river, one of the tributary streams of the upper stream from Lake Youngsan, was performed twice in May 1991, and June 1991, and results are obtained from this research as the following: 1. The pH of the whole research area is 7.0 to 7.4, on much difference from those of common rivers in Korea, which says that there is no special factors to change the pH around Hwang ryong river noticeably. 2. The DO is a little bit lower at the second observation than at the first observation, but it is considered that it is due to the difference of water temperature. Distribution of the DO throughout all research sites is in similar pattern at both observations, the first and the second one. 3. The BOD is 2,21ppm to 3.80ppm that makes comparatively stable quality of river water except from Site 1 to Site 3 where urban life sewage flows in from Songjung-dong and branch streams of Geukrak river join mixed with urban life sewage from Kwangiu City. 4. Some N_2 compounds, nutritive salts, observed are 0.04ppm to 0.09ppm of NH_3-N, 0.06ppm to 0.40ppm of NO_2-N, and 1.30ppm to 4.50ppm of NO_3-N, except from Site 1 to Site 3. There is no water layer polluted by special point source contamination. But 0.08ppm of 1.40ppm NH_3-N, 0.35ppm to 0.73ppm of NO_2-N, and 2.60ppm to 5.20ppm of NO_3-N, are abserved from Site 1 to Site 3, higher than other areas due to the same cause as in case of BOD. Here PO_4-P, is observed almost homogenously to be 0.01ppm to 0.03ppm. This says that nutritive aslts in Hwangryon river are not increased by cause of special point source contamination, but by pollutants dissolved from chemical fertilizers used on farm land. 5. Each of CI-ion and hardness are 21.02ppm to 68.38ppm, and 60.00ppm to 75.50ppm, respectively, a little different from site to site of research, but it is considered that this is not due to point source contamination, compared to other rivers of Korea, but mainly due to soil quality or Clark Number. 6. Normal bacteria and E. Coli are rather low compared to other rivers of Korea. However, the fact that 1.6×10^4 to 1.8×10^4 of E. Coli is analyzed at this research is enough to demand our attention to the management of water quality of Hwangryong river even on the viewpoint of water conservation of the main stream from Lake Youngsan, considering that the water area around this river is the closet to the main stream from Lake Youngsan and also where urban life sewage flows in from Kwangju City including Songjung-dong.

光州川 水質의 經時變化에 관한 比較硏究

朱興珪,姜壽鐵 조선대학교 약학연구소 1989 藥學硏究誌 Vol.11 No.1

Along with rapid expansion and population rise of Kwangju City, it is inevitable that the urban sewage and industrial waste pollute Kwangju Stream. Having the Kwangju Stream partitioned into three areas ; the upper, middle, and down stream, the writer investigated ten items of water quality, and compared the water quality of 1986 to that of 1981, and 1984. From this investigation, results are obtained as the following: The pH of Kwangju Stream is 6.8 to 7.6, which is almost the same as those of the common streams in Korea. This means that there is not so much of special industrial waste causing the pH of water to change greatly yet in Kwangju. Remarkable increase of NH_3-N and BOD, components indicating pollutionity of urban stream, is observed in the downstream, which shows that the stream is polluted by the urban lifne sewage here. NO much differece of NO_2N is observed from area to area, but it is lowered a little in the downstream. This means that organic substances in the urban life sewage are oxidized and decreased due to aeration. The DO is observed the less as going down the stream, but a little increase of it is observed in the downstream, maybe, owing to the small brooks flowing into the stream from the nearby hills. Number of normal bacteria, and MPN are increased rapidly up to 4.96×10^4, and 5.78×10^4, respectively, in the middle stream because almost a half of the urban life sewage from Kwangju City flows into this area. In comparing the analytical values of the three different research years, rapid increase of NH_3-?? is noticed in the upper stream. This means that this area is polluted by the urban life sewage as the population around this area, recently developed, has increased for the while. The NO_2-N is noticed in almost the same phenomenon as NH_3-N in the upper stream, yet the pollutionity is decreased a little bit or remained in almost the similar degree in the middle and down stream. This shows that the areation has been stimulated by the faster velocity of water and extension of water surface owing to the irrigation ponds recently constructed on the beds of Kwangju Stream. The residue on evaporation and suspending solids raise a significant problem in the water area between Nam Kwangju Station and Yuduk-dong. This is caused by litterbugging of citizens having no sense of public order, which is also one of the charateristics of the urban stream. The BOD is also noticed in almost the same pattern as NH_3-N. The analytical value for 1986 is 2.8 times as mich of that of 1981, and 1.6 times as much of that of 1984 in the upper stream ; 1.7 times, and 1.1 times, respectively, in the middle stream ; and 1.9 times, and 1.2 times, respectively, in the downstream. That is to say, more increase of pollutionity is noticed in the upper stream than the area near the urban center. Number of normal bacteria and the MPN are also noticed in almost the same pattern as NH_3-N. Number of normal bacteria in the upper stream was 9.0×10^3 in 1981, but it is increased to be 2.7×10^4 in 1986, about three times of the former. The MPN was 3.6×10^3 in 1981, but it is increased to be 3.4×10^3 in 1986, 9.7 times of the former. This is owing to urban life sewage increased along with the population rise. Any remarkable increase of normal bacteria number is not obserbed over the whole stream, but MPN is increased almost double from the previous research year. This means that much fecal excrete is included in the urban life sewage, by which the urban stream is characterized. These data may serve as important materials in deducing components of water quality of other streams under natural conditions similar to those of Kwangju Stream in this research.

영산강수질의 이화학적 (理化學的) 조사

주흥규 ( Heung Kyu Jhoo ) 한국하천호수학회 1971 생태와 환경 Vol.4 No.1·2

In the drying season of Summer in 1970, the Properties of water of the Young-San river from Wol-ga-ri to Dal-ri was investigated. The temperature of water was 29∼31℃ in all of the sites and the value of pH was increasing from the area of Young-San Po∼Sa-chang of the river. The values of Cl^-, hardness and alkalinity was found about 26∼16 ppm, 32∼49 ppm and 25∼37ppm respectively from Wol-ga-ri to Sa-chang of this river and then that of Cl^- in the site of Yong-bong-ri∼Ra-ju was lowest as l6ppm. The values of Cl^-, alkalinity, hardness and pH in the sites between Myung-San and Ku-san-ri of this river were found 5,327ppm, 98ppm, 2,100 ppm, and 7.4ppm. Therefore it belongs to the brackish water from this area. The values of Cl^- and NO₃-N in this river were move 3 times and 30 times than that of the rivers in Kyung Gi Do and Kang Won Do.

工場廢水 處理에 따르는 水質의 變動과 그成分 相互間의 相關性에 관한 硏究

朱興珪 朝鮮大學校 1976 綜合論文集 Vol.1976 No.-

In the 4 kinds of industries (2 factories for each industry), the qualities of waste water and treated water by the various waste water treating methods in 8 factories were investigated. The results are as follows: 1. All of the waste water of factories were over the standard levels for waste water. 2. Flocculation-Sedimentation method is most favorable in treatment of waste water in the textile factories, because in such factories with dyeing processes, it isn't desirable by the metbods of sand filtration, Sedimentation and flocculation-sedimentation with aeration. In the food factories the methods of flocculation-sedimentation with aeration are desirable. In paper manufacturing the methods of sand filtration, sedimentation and flocculation-sedimentation can be applied but the method of flocculation-sedimentation is most favorable among these methods. The method of flocculation-sedimentation with aeration can be applied in the fermentation factories. 3. Thecharacteristics of treated waste water of each factory were understood by the calculation of their coefficient of correlation among the determined values. 4. Calculation from the equations among the strong correlationships of items, can widen the range of interpretation and these calculated values can be applied to the judgement of the normal values or not. 5. Instead of the complicated BOD, the turbidity of simple experimental items can be applied in food, fermentation, textile and paper industries.

光州市 地下水의 水質汚染에 관한 硏究

朱興珪,崔炯一,洪榮基 조선대학교 환경연구소 1987 環境公害硏究 Vol.4 No.-

The study on the physical, chemical and bacteriological examination for the characterictics of ground water quality at 15 sites in kwangju city from August to September 1986 The results obtained on as follows. 1. The monthly average water temperature of ground water in Kwangju city shows no drastic change, compared with 17.93±4.07℃ of August, and 17.8±1.8℃ of September, and it shows the Homothermous line. 2. Throughout the all survey sites, PH was 6.1∼7.2 and it shows the slightly acidic water. 3. NH_(3)-N was detected a little over the whole15 sites but a little more NH_(3)-N in the site 11 and 15. These seem to be due to the soil pollution originated the formland in the past. 4. Results of physical and chemical examination was generally under the standard water quality. 5. The monthly average of Normal bacteria Number and E. Coli were a little more quantity than the standard water quality of drinking water. These seem to be due to the contamination phenomenone resulting from the user's lack of the hygienic sence and the improper management of pumping tube. So it is vitally demanded that management should be enlightened.

都市河川水 (光州川)의 水質과 그 成分 相互間의 相關性

朱興珪,高在勳 조선대학교 환경연구소 1988 環境公害硏究 Vol.5 No.-

As a result of rapid expansion and mass dwellings of Kwang-ju city the urban sewage and industrial wastes will be sure to pollute both Kwang-ju stream which has no water disposal place at all and Lake Young-san that supplies most of life water for Mok-po citizens and agricultural water for the Chun-nam field. Having partitioned off the Kwang-ju stream into three areas-the upper, middle-, and downstreams, the writer investigated fifteen items of water quality which indicate the indices of life water pollution, and sought the coefficients of correlations among the measured values. The pH of the Kwang-ju stream is 6.8∼7.6, and it is about the same as those of the common streams in our country : this means that there may be little special industrial wastes causing the pH of water to change greatly in Kwang-ju stream. The concentrations of NH₃-N and Cl-, the total hardness, and BOD as well as COD as indices components of urban sewage pollution increase significantly down the stream. Because of deoxigenation significant decline in DO is observed down the stream but a little increase of DO at the 3rd water area is found owing to the small brooks flowing in from the near hills. Nor. Bact. and MPN increase up to 5.79×10⁴rapidly at the 2nd water area, because about the half of the urban life sewage is flowed in to this place. On the contrary to the fact that the values "r" between BOD and COD, BOD and MPN have shown the normal correlation at 0.88 and 0.76, those for DO to BOD, and DO to COD have the opposite relationships at -0.83 and -0.85 respectively ; this also means the serious pollution of water due to the urban sewage. E. coli., the index of bacteriological item of life sewage pollution, is contained constantly in the excreta of men, and the opposite relation MPN and NO₃-N shows also the characteristics of urban sewage pollution. The value "r"=0.93 between Nor. Bact. and MPN shows the highest correlationship among the analytical items of water quality ; the highest value is possibly due to the influence of feces and urine on the urban sewage. Having sought the regressive equations and dispersion values among the items having intense interrelations, the nature of Kwang-ju stream could be distinguished. And the mean value of more complicated experimental items and the dispersion degree could be deduced from the simpler ones.

同福Dam水資源의 環境衛生學的 調査硏究

朱興珪,文永熙,高在勳 조선대학교 환경연구소 1987 環境公害硏究 Vol.4 No.-

The physical, Chemical and bacteriological examinations in the water of Dongbog reservoir, which uses as the water source of Kwang ju city were carried out four times seasonally from 1986 to 1987. The results were as follows: The pattern of water quality had very characteristic figure, which bad markedly differences between the water layers of surface and bottom. The surface layer had a fairly good quality but the bottom layer of the center of the reservoir, comparatively deep, showed deficiency of DO and increase of BOD, KMnO_(4) consumed, and low value of pH, which were due to the precipitant of turbid from upper streams of originated in the Dam. The high content of NO_(2)-N and NO_(3)-N in the station 4 seems that high degree of autopurilication has finished on the way before it reached the Dam. There were no differences between the water layer of surface and bottom and seasons in the degree of cl', tatal alkalinity and hardness, which meant that this reservoir was constructed by the same water source. It had 0.004ppm PO_(4)''' of which influenced on the growth of microorganism, this showed that Dam was polluted by several artificial fertilizers from the upper forming areas and organic accumulatives. It is suggested that the present water quality will be keeping up for some time as long as special changes of circumstance won't happen, when compared with the past process of change.

合成洗劑의 毒性에 關한 硏究

朱興珪,崔炯一,吳昌吉 조선대학교 환경연구소 1987 環境公害硏究 Vol.4 No.-

This studies were carried out to investigate the effect of synthetic detergent concentration on the activation level of activated sludge, the removal rate of COD, and LAS removabilty to BOD and MLSS induction. The results were as follows: LAS removability, activated sludge accerlated more 36.35% than simple aeration in 2 days. At 50 ppm of LAS concentration level, difference came out from activated slduge treatment, while there was 9% difference in simple aeration due to the fact the activity level of activated sludge fell(was lowered) because the toxicity of LAS itself affected(influenced on) the acitivity of microoganisms in the water. Activated sludge had normal sludge-moving in 30ppm bat decreasing effect of its moving in 40 ppm and each sludge was crowded around one side and expanded in 50 ppm LAS concentration. COD removal rate was showed decreasing effect from 60∼70ppm, and less the 50% at 140 ppm in LAS concentration. The bubbling phenomena was occured in 0.4g of BOD and MLSS, compared to the 0.2g of BOD and MLSS in 30ppm LAS, it is suggested that LAS removability was greatly influenced by the induction of BOD and MLSS.

自然水에서 合成洗劑의 生分解에 관한 硏究

朱興珪,金尙勳 조선대학교 환경연구소 1987 環境公害硏究 Vol.4 No.-

Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate(ABS), persists for long periods in stream because of its resistaace to biological degradation, Its. biodegradation is very varied in the environments, This investigation was, therefore, undertaken in order to fine the biodegradation of Synthetic Soft Detergents by River Die-Away Method from July to September 1986. River Die-Away Method is a biodegradation of Surfactants by the MBAS, CEAS COD, and E.V. Absorption Spectrum in Natural Waters, and the results are as the following: 1. Degradation of Low Eutrophicated Water by MBAS and CTAS shows: T_(AS)=1.5, the fastest, T_(AOS)=10, T_(LAS)=11, T_(APZ)=13 in order, It is supposed that the Taming Period of Microbe is effected by whether there is Benzene Ring in the structure of the Surfactant or not. 2. There is little change in COD Demand by Biodegradation in Low Eutrophicated Water. 3. U.V. Absorption Spectrum has peak only in LAS and APE with Benzene Ring, but both of the peaks are disappeared in 15days of Biodegradation. 4. Biodegration of Surfactants in Low Eutrophicated Water is about twice to 9times as fast as that in Eutrophicated Water. It is due to the fact, you may know, that there are more microbes in Low Eutrophicated Water than in Eutrophicated Water, and it so it takes less time in Taming. 5. Degradation of APE is slow in Low Eutrophicated Water, but it is fast in Eutrophicated Water with T_(APE)=1.5. It is due to the fact, I think, that Ether binding radical effected areas are oxidated fast in Eutrophicated Water. 6. CTAS or COD demand decrases rapidly in the first in the first few(2 or 3) days, but little change is noted there after. This says, in my opinion, that Alkyl binding radical effected areas or Ether binding radical effected areas are more easily oxidated than Benzene Ring.