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Humberto Cortes-López,Javier Castro-Rosas,Rodolfo García-Contreras,José Salud Rodríguez-Zavala,Bertha González-Pedrajo,Miguel Díaz-Guerrero,Javier Hernández-Morales,Naybi Muñoz-Cazares,Marcos Soto-Her 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.9
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Hs) calyxes, rich in organic acids, are included in diets in different countries. In recent years, some phytochemicals have been shown to reduce bacterial virulence at sublethal concentrations by interfering with quorum sensing (QS) systems. Therefore, in this study the antivirulence properties of Hs calyxes and two γ-lactones (hibiscus acid [HA] and its methyl ester) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa were analyzed. Acetone and methanol extracts of Hs showed anti-QS activity by inhibiting violacein production (60% to 80% with 250 μg/mL). In molecular docking analysis, the γ-lactones registered a good binding score, which suggests strong interaction with the active site of LasR protein. To verify their effect in vitro, they were isolated from Hs and evaluated in six QS-regulated phenotypes, as well as in ExoU toxin that is released by the type III secretion system (T3SS). At 500 μg/mL they reduced alkaline protease (29–52%) and elastase (15–37%) activity, biofilm formation (∼75%), and swarming (50%), but there was no effect on pyocyanin production, hemolytic activity, or type III secretion. In a mouse abscess/necrosis model, HA at sublethal concentrations (15 and 31.2 μg/mL) affected infection establishment and prevented damage and systemic spread. In conclusion, HA is the first molecule identified with antivirulence properties in Hs with the potential to prevent infections caused by P. aeruginosa.
Elena Saraí Baena-Santillán,Javier Piloni-Martini,Eva María Santos-López,Carlos Alberto Gómez-Aldapa,Esmeralda Rangel-Vargas,Javier Castro-Rosas 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.1
To determine and compare the antimicrobial effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx extracts, six types of commercial mouthwashes, and chlorhexidine on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Capnocytophaga gingivalis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Two varieties of H. sabdariffa cultivated in Mexico were used. Aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic, acetonic, and ethyl acetate extracts were obtained from H. sabdariffa calyces. Six different types of mouthwash (Astringosol®, Colgate plax-ice-infinity®, Crest pro-health®, Dental max®, Equate®, and Listerine zero®) and chlorhexidine (0.12%) were purchased at a pharmacy. The antimicrobial activity of the H. sabdariffa calyx extracts, mouthwashes, and chlorhexidine was determined by the agar disc diffusion technique. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of all solutions were determined by the broth dilution method and the pour plate technique, respectively. Also, the effect of H. sabdariffa extracts and chlorhexidine on permeability of the bacterial membrane was determined by the violet crystal assay. All H. sabdariffa calyx extracts and chlorhexidine showed antibacterial activity against all oral pathogenic bacteria. The mouthwashes showed lower antibacterial effect than H. sabdariffa extracts and chlorhexidine. Dental max showed no antibacterial effect. The MICs and MBCs, respectively, for H. sabdariffa extracts were between 5–20 and 10–20 mg/mL; and for chlorhexidine, between 3–4 and 3–5 mg/mL. For the Listerine®, the MIC and MBC values were between 20–25 and 25–33 mg/mL, respectively. The results of the crystal violet test indicate that H. sabdariffa calyx extracts and chlorhexidine alter the permeability of the bacterial membrane. All H. sabdariffa extracts and chlorhexidine showed significantly greater antimicrobial effect than mouthwashes. This is the first report in which the antimicrobial effect of the H. sabdariffa calyx extracts, mouthwashes, and chlorhexidine is compared.
Lizbeth Anahı´ Portillo-Torres,Aurea Bernardino-Nicanor,Jose´ Mercado-Monroy,Carlos Alberto Go´mez-Aldapa,Leopoldo Gonza´lez-Cruz,Esmeralda Rangel-Vargas,Javier Castro-Rosas 한국식품영양과학회 2022 Journal of medicinal food Vol.25 No.9
To determinate the antimicrobial effect of chloramphenicol and aqueous extract against multidrug-resistant enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in CD-1 mice. Aqueous extract was isolated from Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of chloramphenicol and aqueous extract were determined for EHEC and S. Typhimurium. Nine groups of six mice each were formed. Three groups were inoculated orally with 1 × 104 colony-forming units (CFU) of S. Typhimurium, three groups were inoculated with 1 × 104 CFU of EHEC and the remaining three groups were not inoculated. Six hours postinoculation, the mice of some groups were orally administered solutions of aqueous extract (50 mg/mL), chloramphenicol (82 μg/mL), or isotonic saline. The EHEC and S. Typhimurium concentration in all mice feces was determined. For both pathogens, the MIC and MBC values of aqueous extract were 20 y 50 mg/mL, respectively; for chloramphenicol, they were between 17.5 and 82 μg/mL. EHEC and S. Typhimurium were not detected in the feces of mice that were administered aqueous extract on the 2nd and 3rd days posttreatment. Furthermore, these mice recovered from the infection. In contrast, in mice not treated, or treated with chloramphenicol alone, pathogens were isolated from their feces throughout the study, and some mice died. The H. sabdariffa calyx extracts could be an alternative to control multidrug-resistant bacteria in humans and animals.