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Heo, Jae-Hyeok,Lee, Soon-Tae,Oh, Min-Jung,Park, Hyun-Jung,Shim, Ji-Young,Chu, Kon,Kim, Man-Ho The Korean Society of Ginseng 2011 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.35 No.4
A 24-week randomized open-label study with Korean red ginseng (KRG) showed cognitive benefits in patients with Alzheimer's disease. To further determine long-term effect of KRG, the subjects were recruited to be followed up to 2 yr. Cognitive function was evaluated every 12 wk using the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS) and the Korean version of the Mini Mental Status Examination (K-MMSE) with the maintaining dose of 4.5 g or 9.0 g KRG per d. At 24 wk, there had been a significant improvement in KRG-treated groups. In the long-term evaluation of the efficacy of KRG after 24 wk, the improved MMSE score remained without significant decline at the 48th and 96th wk. ADAS-cog showed similar findings. Maximum improvement was found around week 24. In conclusion, the effect of KRG on cognitive functions was sustained for 2 yr follow-up, indicating feasible efficacies of long-term follow-up for Alzheimer's disease.
The Possible Role of Antioxidant Vitamin C in Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment and Prevention
Heo, Jae-Hyeok,Hyon-Lee,Lee, Kyoung-Min SAGE Publications 2013 American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other Vol.28 No.2
<P>Oxidative stress is suggested to play a major role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Among the antioxidants, vitamin C has been regarded as the most important one in neural tissue. It also decreases β-amyloid generation and acetylcholinesterase activity and prevents endothelial dysfunction by regulating nitric oxide, a newly discovered factor in the pathogenesis and progression of AD. However, clinical trials using antioxidants, including vitamin C, in patients with AD yielded equivocal results. The current article discusses the relevance of vitamin C in the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of AD and explores its therapeutic potential against this neurodegenerative disorder.</P>
The Efficacy of Ginseng on the Cognitive Function
Heo, Jae-Hyeok,Kim, Man-Ho The Korean Society of Ginseng 2009 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.33 No.3
Ginseng is one of the most popular herbs throughout the world. Ginsenosides, the active constituent of ginseng, have been suggested to have diverse effects on cardiovascular, immune, mood and endocrine systems as well as cognitive performance. Many studies have revealed the beneficial effect of ginseng on cognition in normal human subjects and in animals. Recently, a few studies showing effects of ginseng on the patients with Alzheimer's disease have been reported. However, the underlying mechanism is not clear at this stage and it is still obscure whether ginseng is cognitive stimulant or disease modifying agent. More detailed studies exploring the relationship between clinical efficacy and pathophysiology are required.
The Efficacy of Ginseng on the Cognitive Function
Jae-Hyeok Heo,Manho Kim 고려인삼학회 2009 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.33 No.3
Ginseng is one of the most popular herbs throughout the world. Ginsenosides, the active constituent of ginseng, have been suggested to have diverse effects on cardiovascular, immune, mood and endocrine systems as well as cognitive performance. Many studies have revealed the beneficial effect of ginseng on cognition in normal human subjects and in animals. Recently, a few studies showing effects of ginseng on the patients with Alzheimer’s disease have been reported. However, the underlying mechanism is not clear at this stage and it is still obscure whether ginseng is cognitive stimulant or disease modifying agent. More detailed studies exploring the relationship between clinical efficacy and pathophysiology are required.
Heo, Jae-Hyeok,Jeong, Min-Woo,Jeon, Jong-Ug,Kim, Yong-Chan The Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating 2008 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.16 No.3
For heat pumps used in a cold region, it is very important to obtain appropriate heating capacity. Several studies using a variable speed compressor and an additional heater have been performed to enhance heating capacity at low ambient temperatures. However, for outdoor temperature conditions below $-15^{\circ}C$, it is still difficult to obtain enough heating capacity above the rated value. In recent studies, the application of gas injection technique into a two-stage heat pump yielded noticeable heating performance improvement at low temperature conditions. In this study, the heating performance of a two-stage gas injection heat pump with a rated capacity of 3.5 kW was measured and analyzed by varying refrigerant charge amount and EEV opening at the standard heating condition. The heating performance of the two-stage gas injection heat pump was compared with that of a two-stage non-injection heat pump. The heating capacity and COP of the two-stage gas injection heat pump were improved by 2-10% at the optimal charging condition over those of the two-stage non-injection heat pump.
Jae-Hyeok Heo,Soon-Tae Lee,Min Jung Oh,Hyun-Jung Park,Ji-Young Shim,Kon Chu,Manho Kim 고려인삼학회 2011 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.35 No.4
A 24-week randomized open-label study with Korean red ginseng (KRG) showed cognitive benefits in patients with Alzheimer"s disease. To further determine long-term effect of KRG, the subjects were recruited to be followed up to 2 yr. Cognitive function was evaluated every 12 wk using the Alzheimer"s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS) and the Korean version of the Mini Mental Status Examination (K-MMSE) with the maintaining dose of 4.5 g or 9.0 g KRG per d. At 24 wk, there had been a significant improvement in KRG-treated groups. In the long-term evaluation of the efficacy of KRG after 24 wk, the improved MMSE score remained without significant decline at the 48th and 96th wk. ADAS-cog showed similar findings. Maximum improvement was found around week 24. ln conclusion, the effect of KRG on cognitive functions was sustained for 2 yr follow-up, indicating feasible efficacies of long-term follow-up for Alzheimer"s disease.
White Matter Hyperintensities and Cognitive Dysfunction in Alzheimer Disease
Heo, Jae-Hyeok,Lee, Soon-Tae,Kon Chu,,Park, Hyun-Jung,Shim, Ji-Young,Kim, Manho SAGE Publications 2009 Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology Vol.22 No.3
<P>The effect of white matter lesions in magnetic resonance imaging or vascular atherosclerosis on cognitive function is not fully understood in Alzheimer disease (AD). In this investigation, we examined the influence of white matter lesions on cognitive decline in AD. A total of 142 patients with AD (44 men, mean age 65.7 + 7.6 years; mean education period 7.8 + 5.0 years) were included. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on the severities of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) using Fazekas scale. Cognitive functions were determined using the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale before acetylcholinesterase inhibitors were administered. Of the 142 patients, 30% (43/142) had no white matter signal abnormality (grade 0). Fourteen percentage (20/142) were grade 1, 42% (59/142) grade 2, and 14% (20/142) were grade 3. Mean K-MMSE scores declined as MRI grades increased to grade 2 and 3 compared to grade 0 (P < .01). Clinical Dementia Ratings were also aggravated by MRI grade. These results remained significant after adjusting for compounding factors affecting cognitive functions; sex, age, number of years in full-time education, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, and atrial fibrillation. The presence of WMHs were associated with score of MMSE and CDR impairment in patients with AD. These features could be a correctable factor hastening cognitive decline in AD.</P>