Diamine-cored tetrastilbene compounds as solution-processable hole transport materials for stable organic light emitting diodes

Cho, Min Jy,Sim, Kyu Min,Bae, Sa-Rang,Choi, Hye Ok,Kim, Soo Young,Chung, Dae Sung,Park, Kwangyong Applied Science Publishers 2018 Dyes and pigments Vol.149 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A series of diamine-cored tetrastilbene (DTS) derivatives bearing various aliphatic and aromatic substituents was designed and synthesized for use as solution-processed hole transport layers (HTLs) in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The chemical structures of the DTS derivatives were strategically designed to increase solubility in organic solvents as well as to avoid self-crystallization, and thus ensure a stable morphology under Joule heating while maintaining efficient hole transport capabilities. The five DTS derivatives, composed of different conjugation structures, yielded reasonably good hole transport behavior with a marginal charge carrier mobility of ∼10<SUP>−5</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP>V<SUP>−1</SUP>s<SUP>−1</SUP>, which is similar to that of vacuum-deposited <I>N,N′</I>-bis(1-naphthyl)-<I>N,N′</I>-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (NPB). Due to the high glass transition temperatures of the DTS derivatives, this satisfactory charge transport behavior and smooth surface morphology were conserved up to 180 °C. Green OLEDs were prepared using tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq<SUB>3</SUB>):C545T as the emission layer, and the OLED performances of the solution-processed DTS HTLs and the vacuum-deposited NPB HTL were compared. A high luminance efficiency of 11.5 cd A<SUP>−1</SUP> was obtained for one solution-processed DTS HTL, which exceeds that of the NPB HTL (10.01 cd A<SUP>−1</SUP>). Furthermore, the DTS HTLs enabled a stable OLED operation, with double the accelerated half-life of the NPB-based device.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A series of diamine-cored tetrastilbene (DTS) derivatives was designed and synthesized. </LI> <LI> The DTS derivatives are used as solution-processed hole transport layers (HTLs) in OLEDs. </LI> <LI> A high luminance efficiency of 11.5 cd/A was obtained for one solution-processed DTS HTL. </LI> <LI> The DTS HTLs enabled a stable OLED operation. </LI> </UL> </P>

자궁경관무력증 치료에서 봉합수술 부위 및 안정과 수술 성공률

조주연(JY Cho),성혜리(HR Sung) 대한산부인과학회 1995 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.38 No.1

Mcdonald operation was done for 110 IIOC patients of which 78 cases were primary operation and 32 cases were repeat operation cases had undertaken cervical cerclage operation at other clinic but failed to achieve living baby. After present operation the patients were advised to have ralatively strict rest untill term or near term. The results were as follows 1. In primary operation the success rate was 95.5% when the cause of IIOC was known. The success rate was 91% in the total patients . 2. In repeat operation the success rate wa 90% when the cause of IIOC was unknown and 58.3% when possible cause of IIOC was known. The success rate was 78.1% in the total patients.

흡임소파술에 굽은 칼만 ( Karman ) 씨흡입관 사용

조주연(JY Cho),성혜리(HR Sung),차선희(SH Cha),김수연(SY Kim) 대한산부인과학회 1995 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.38 No.2

A curved Karman`s cannula that may give the benefit of reducing operating time and complications is introduced for suction crettage. The curved Karman`s cannula was made as follows : First, a 4-7cm portion of the straight Karman`s cannula is exposed to heat. When desired portion becomes soft, it is bent to a desired shape and angle (with 15 and 30), used in accordance with the shape of the uterus. Curved or straight cannulas were used alternatively every other year for 4 years from March 1990 to February 1994. Curved cannulas were used in 380 cases and straight cannuls were used in 423 cases in study period. A comparison study was carried out in 278 cases using the curved cannula and 321 cases using the straight cannula where follow up was possible until the subsequent menstrual period. The results were as follows. 1. The complications rate was 17% using the straignt cannula and 10% using the curved cannula. There was lower complication rate using the curved cannula than the straight one (p

창문수술 ( Window Operation ) 바토린낭종과 농양치료

조주연(JY Cho),차광열(KY Cha),차경섭(KS Cha) 대한산부인과학회 1996 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.39 No.1

The window Operation as a more effective way to treat Bartholin gland cysts and abscesses was developed. The window operation was attempted to treat all 79 cases of Bartholin cysts and all 55 cases of Bartholin abscesses during 7 years and 5 months from October 1986 to February 1994. Under local anesthesia, a small piece of skin including the cyst wall was excised in an oval shape, and suture was performed along the excised margin. Postoperative antibiotics were given in cases of acute inflammation before the window operation. A new mucocutaneous junction was observed in 4-week follow up period. No complications or recurrences have been observed during the study period. The window operation can be an effective alternative method in the treatment of Bartholin gland cysts or abscesses.

초음파 유산 진단에서 배아와 양막낭에 관한 연구

조주연(JY Cho),윤내영(NY Yoon),이유미(YM Lee) 대한산부인과학회 1999 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.42 No.6

Objective: To minimize the side effects of intrauterine pregnancy at an early stage of intrauterine pregnancy in which an embryo can not be maintained, by early diagnosis and prompt operation. Methods: Pregnant patients, who had conditions that amniotic sac and embryo were observed with transvaginal sonography, and embryo was not in fetal cardiac activities in early pregnancy, as subject. Follow-up study was carried out prospectively on about 54 cases[GroupⅠ] that were difficult to get diagnosis of abortion objectively with G-sac size and other conditions although CRL was 5mm or below and no cardiac activities. The patients were explained that the possibility of abortion was almost 100% if CRL was 6-7mm or G-sac size corresponded to being 7 weeks pregnant, and suggested that they should choose between immediate D&E or waiting one more week. When CRL was 8mm or more and G-sac size corresponded to being 8 weeks or more pregnant, or when it is certain of diagnosis the condition as spontaneous abortion without further follow-up study due to the fact that in previous transvaginal sonography, an embryo was in cardiac activities but presently not, immediate D&E was suggested. Among the 70 cases[GroupⅡ] that got diagnosis of abortion with only one examination, D&E was done on 55 cases immediately and follow-up study was carried out with 15 cases because pregnant patients wanted to wait more. Results: Out of all 124 cases of pregnant patients, follow-up study was carried out GroupⅠ from 1 day to 3 weeks and 5 cases had profuse vaginal bleeding. Out of this 5, 4 had emergency D&E for incomplete abortion and 1 had complete abortion. The rest of the patients were confirmed of abortion through follow-up study. In GroupⅡ, among 15 cases that we did follow-up study because the pregnant patients wanted to wait some more, 2 cases had profuse vaginal bleeding and operated emergency D&E, and all the rest were diagnosed to have an abortion by re-examination. Conclusion: In case of intrauterine pregnancy, if amniotic sac is observed in G-sac and there is an embryo that does not have cardiac activities, it seems to be better to proceed with D&E immediately without waiting.

분만산모의 과거인공유산 경험에 대한 연구

조주연(JY Cho),성혜리(HR Sung) 대한산부인과학회 1995 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.38 No.8

A retrospective study was performed to analysis the causes and factors influrencing the past artificial abortion, of the 7025 mothers who were delivered at Cha General Hospital from Nov. 1992 to Dec 1993. The results were as follows. 1. 39% of the mothers had a past history of artificial abortion. The incidence of artificial abortion increased as the maternal age increased except for 20-24 years of age . 2. 40.0% of the mothers who had a history of artificial abortion were primipara. 3. The most common cause of artificial abortion, was due to premarital pregnancy(23.7%) followed by medication during early pregnancy(21.3%) the third was improper personal, social or financial circumastances to continue pregnancy and to take care of the baby.

단속적 원형봉합 ( Interrupted Circular Suture ) 전치 유착태반 제왕절개 수술시 지혈방법

조주연(JY Cho),차광열(KY Cha),계정웅(CW Kay),김수연(SY Kim),차경섭(KS Cha) 대한산부인과학회 1994 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.37 No.12

Rapid accumulation of blood from the placental separation site during cesarean delivery for placenta previa sometimes obscures the surgical field and quickly leads to deterioration of the patient`s vital signs. We used the following technique in 20 cases of intractalbe bleeding among 120 cesareans for placenta previa. Following failure to control the bleeding by suture at the placental separation site via the lower segment cesarean incision, the vessels were ligated using interrupted 2-3 cm sutures at 1cm intervals in a circle around the bleeding area on the serosal surface of the uterus. The sutures were placed as deeply as possible in order to reach the endometrium. This led to marked decrease in bleeding and allowed the small vessels to be easily identified and ligated. The results were as follows. 1. The amount of blood transfused and the operation time were gradually reduced as we became adapt in the use of this ptocedure. 2. Our experience suggests that this technique could reduce the use of hysterectomy in cesarean section for placenta previa.

약 , 환경과 선천성기형 관계에 관한 연구

조주연(JY Cho),김인규(IK Kim),이규형(KH Lee) 대한산부인과학회 1995 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.38 No.10

A study was undertaken by questionaire to 7025 mothers who delivered at Cha General Hospital from NOV. 1992 to Dec. 1993 considering their exposure to drug, envionment or other potential teratogenic substances. Those who delivered their babies without amy malformations were classified as the control group . and those with the malfomations as the study group . The results were as follows. 1. 6706 cases delivered their babies without any malfomation and 319 cases (4.5%) with malfomations. 2. There were no significant age difference in both groups, but the incidence of delivering malformed childeren were higher in mothers above 34 years. 3. About 1/3 of the of paturients were working mothers. There were no significant differences according to occupational bases, but there was a tendency of more teachers in the control group . 4. About 50% of mothers in both group were exposed to drugs or other potentially hazadous substances. Those of about 30 % were exposed to radiation or drug. About 1/4 of mothers in both group who were exposed to radiation, drug, noxious gas, alchohol or tobacco in first trimester were not aware of their pregnancy. 5. 72% of total mother drank coffee 4.9% alchohol, 1.2 % tobacco and there is no significant difference between two groups. 39.4% of control group and 39.2% of study group drank coffee in the first trimester, 3.2 and 2.2% alchohol, 0.8 and 0.9% tobacco respectively but there was no significant difference. 6. a-feto protein value was measured to be 1.08+-0.38 MOM(multiple of the median for the population) for the control group and 1.21+-0.50 MOM for the study group which was not significantly different. The study group had more motheres with a-feto protein value below 0.5MOM, 2.0-2.4MOM and over 2.4MOM than control group . 7. The organs involved in congenital malformation were skin including car in 66 cases (0.9%), cardiovascular system 59 cases (0.8%), urogenital system was cases(0.7%), skeletal system 46 cases (0.7%) and degestive system was 24 cases(7.5%), considering the congenital malformation involving these organs and complex abnomalities, there was no significant difference between both groups, whether they were working mothers drug users, drinkers or tobacco smokers.

양수과다증을 동반한 선천사지단지증 1례

조재윤(JY Cho),부영철(YC Boo),문지식(JS Moon),박철규(CK Park) 대한산부인과학회 1971 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.14 No.7

양수과다증을 동반한 선천사지단지증 1례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. A case of achondroplasia associated with hydramnios is presented, which was detected by X-ray at 27 weeks of gestation in para 1, 28 years of aged woman at Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chonnam Medical School Hospital and references are briefly reivewed.

무통분만의 임상 경과

조지영(JY Cho),김경미(KM Kim),이지연(JY Lee),김현주(HJ Kim),황혜란(HR Hwang) 대한산부인과학회 1998 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.41 No.8

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of epidural analgesia on labor progress. We studied 340 women at term, with singleton fetus in vertex presentation and with spontaneous onset of labor at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Il Shin Christian Hospital during 6 months from June 1, 1997 to November 30, 1997. Comparison of 170 women (100 cases of primiparous women, 70 cases of multiparous women) who received epidural analgesia in labor with 170 women (100 cases of primiparous women, 70 cases of multiparous women) who did not receive epidural analgesia was performed. The results were as follows: 1. The frequency of oxytocin augmentation was significantly greater in the primiparous and multiparous epidural group than in the primiparous and multiparous control group (p<0.05). 2. The duration of the first stage and second stage of labor was significantly delayed in the primiparous and multiparous epidural group than in the primiparous and multiparous control group (p<0.05). 3. The mode of delivery showed no significant difference between epidural group and control group. 4. The meconium-stained amnionic fluid, Apgar score and birth weight were similar in both groups. 5. The maternal blood loss was similar in both groups.