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        Artificial daylength enhancement (pre-sunrise and post-sunset) with blue and red led lights affects tomato plant development, yield, and fruit nutritional quality

        Ngcobo Bonga Lewis,Bertling Isa,Clulow Alistair David 한국원예학회 2022 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.63 No.6

        In this research, the combined eff ect of red and blue LED lights on tomato plants and fruit was investigated. Selected tomato plants were illuminated with a combination of red light (RL) and blue light (BL) at a ratio of (1:1) with a combined pho- −2 tosynthetic photon fl ux density (PPFD) of 138 ± 5 μmol  m −1 . This illumination was installed above the plants and was s 1 Introduction In the past few years, the interest in the nutritional value of fruit and vegetables has increased rapidly, particularly due to the positive health eff ects associated with their consumption. Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) is one of the most -popular fruit vegetable crops worldwide and is also a major source of several nutrients and healthpromoting phytonutrients that are well known to ameliorate oxidative damage to human organs caused by free radicals (Rao and Rao 2007 ). Tomato is also an important source of special carotenoids that have the potential to prevent important chronic degenerative dis- orders (Salehi et al. 2019 ). The concentration of carotenoids present in food crops does not only infl uence the quality of carotenoid-rich crops, but also gives specifi c foods their colour characteristics (Liu et al. 2009 ). A healthy diet is the only source of carotenoids for humans, as our body cannot Vol.:(0123456789) 1 3 terminated at diff erent stages of plant growth, namely , at 50% fl owering (FLW) and when fruit were mature green (MG). The plants were allowed to receive natural light during the day and were exposed to the light treatments 3 h after sunset and 3 h before sunrise. Control plants received only natural light. Growth, yield, and quality parameters were assessed. Both light treatments, whether terminated at FLW or MG, signifi cantly enhanced plant height, number of leaves, and branching, with light treatment until the MG stage having a lesser, but nonetheless signifi cant, eff ect. Plants that were treated with additional light until fruit were MG had a signifi cantly increased total fruit mass compared with other treatments. Surpris- ingly, plants treated until FLW showed a signifi cant increase in number of fruit per plant. Both treatments did not have a signifi cant eff ect on colour parameters, while light treatments, particularly treatment until MG, were able to signifi cantly enhance chlorophyll degradation in fruit. In addition, both light treatments resulted in a signifi cant increase in fruit lycopene, the most important carotenoid in red tomato, while also potentially increasing the concentration of β-carotene, as well as total soluble solids (TSS), phenolics , and vitamin C. Treating tomato plants with a combination of LED light sources only until FLW was suffi cient to enhance growth, yield , and antioxidant phytonutrients in tomatoes with no additional increase with further light treatment.

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