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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Ian Cheung (검색결과 4 건)
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The Rise, Fall and Return of Li-Ning
Ian Mackenzie,Máté Deutsch,Peter Koczerzat,Matthew Russell-Cheung Academy of Asian Business (AAB) 2016 Academy of Asian Business Review Vol.2 No.2
The purpose of this study is to analyse the factors that contributed to the rise, fall and return of Li-Ning in the Chinese sportswear and footwear market. The history of Li-Ning can be segmented into three main periods: its steady rise from humble beginnings from 1990 to 2008, its astronomical success experienced from 2008 to 2010 and its journey from demise to break even from 2011 to 2015. The second period, 2008 to 2010, serves as a lens to examining the strategic importance of brand positioning and innovative ‘guerrilla’ or ‘ambush’ marketing tactics to assert dominance in a highly competitive industry. These success factors illustrate that a company might not have the same budgets or international reach of incumbents, but it can capture attention and value through alternative methods. This practice can be adopted by smaller firms or startups battling incumbents for market share in different industries and countries. The third and most recent period, from 2012 to 2015, serves as a study in the importance of pragmatic, incremental brand repositioning and market consolidation. These two factors form the basis of our key takeaways from Li-Ning’s story. In addition, we will be analyzing the current 2016 market landscape and international/domestic competitors to form the basis of our recommendations to Li-Ning to bring it back to success.
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Cheung, Foo,Trick, Martin,Drou, Nizar,Lim, Yong Pyo,Park, Jee-Young,Kwon, Soo-Jin,Kim, Jin-A,Scott, Rod,Pires, J Chris,Paterson, Andrew H,Town, Chris,Bancroft, Ian American Society of Plant Physiologists 2009 The Plant cell Vol.21 No.7
<P>Homoeologous regions of Brassica genomes were analyzed at the sequence level. These represent segments of the Brassica A genome as found in Brassica rapa and Brassica napus and the corresponding segments of the Brassica C genome as found in Brassica oleracea and B. napus. Analysis of synonymous base substitution rates within modeled genes revealed a relatively broad range of times (0.12 to 1.37 million years ago) since the divergence of orthologous genome segments as represented in B. napus and the diploid species. Similar, and consistent, ranges were also identified for single nucleotide polymorphism and insertion-deletion variation. Genes conserved across the Brassica genomes and the homoeologous segments of the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana showed almost perfect collinearity. Numerous examples of apparent transduplication of gene fragments, as previously reported in B. oleracea, were observed in B. rapa and B. napus, indicating that this phenomenon is widespread in Brassica species. In the majority of the regions studied, the C genome segments were expanded in size relative to their A genome counterparts. The considerable variation that we observed, even between the different versions of the same Brassica genome, for gene fragments and annotated putative genes suggest that the concept of the pan-genome might be particularly appropriate when considering Brassica genomes.</P>
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Joost Johannes van Middendorp,Ian Cheung,Kristian Dalzell,Hamish Deverall,Brian J.C. Freeman,Stephen A.C. Morris,Simon J.I. Sandler,Richard Williams,Y.H. Yau,Ben Goss 대한척추외과학회 2015 Asian Spine Journal Vol.9 No.3
Study Design: Radiologic imaging measurement study. Purpose: To assess the accuracy of detecting lateral mass and facet joint injuries of the subaxial cervical spine on plain radiographs using computed tomography (CT) scan images as a reference standard; and the integrity of morphological landmarks of the lateral mass and facet joints of the subaxial cervical spine. Overview of Literature: Injuries of lateral mass and facet joints potentially lead to an unstable subaxial cervical spine and concomitant neurological sequelae. However, no study has evaluated the accuracy of detecting specific facet joint injuries. Methods: Eight spinal surgeons scored four sets of the same, randomly re-ordered, 30 cases with and without facet joint injuries of the subaxial cervical spine. Two surveys included conventional plain radiographs series (test) and another two surveys included CT scan images (reference). Facet joint injury characteristics were assessed for accuracy and reliability. Raw agreement, Fleiss kappa, Cohen’s kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient statistics were used for reliability analysis. Majority rules were used for accuracy analysis. Results: Of the 21 facet joint injuries discerned on CT scan images, 10 were detected in both plain radiograph surveys (sensitivity, 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26–0.70). There were no false positive facet joint injuries in either of the first two X-ray surveys (specificity, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.63–1.0). Five of the 11 cases with missed injuries had an injury below the lowest visible articulating level on radiographs. CT scan images resulted in superior inter- and intra-rater agreement values for assessing morphologic injury characteristics of facet joint injuries. Conclusions: Plain radiographs are not accurate, nor reliable for the assessment of facet joint injuries of the subaxial cervical spine. CT scans offer reliable diagnostic information required for the detection and treatment planning of facet joint injuries.
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