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Qualitative changes in fetal trabecular meshwork fibers at the human iridocorneal angle
Fumio Hosaka,Jose Francisco Rodríguez-Vázquez,Hiroshi Abe,Gen Murakami,Mineko Fujimiya,Hiroshi Ohguro 대한해부학회 2013 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.46 No.1
We examined a series of changes that occur in the trabecular meshwork fibers of human eyes during fetal development at 12-30 weeks of gestation. At 12 and 15 weeks, the uveal meshwork was stained black with silver impregnation (indicating the predominance of collagen types III and IV) in the endomysium of the ciliary muscle. At 20 weeks, in combination with Schlemm’s canal, a dense fibrous tissue mass corresponding to the trabecular meshwork anlage appeared and was colored black. The anlage was continuous with the corneal endothelium rather than with the ciliary muscle. Until 25 weeks, the trabecular meshwork was identifiable as fragmented fiber bundles that stained red-black, suggesting a mixture of collagen types I, III, and IV. At 30 weeks, half of the ciliary muscle fibers were inserted into the scleral spur and not into the meshwork. Therefore, any contribution of ciliary muscle contraction to the differentiation of the trabecular meshwork would appear to be limited. We hypothesize that an uneven distribution of mechanical stresses in the area of the cornea-sclera junction causes a tear thereby creating Schlemm’s canal and is accompanied by a change in the collagen fiber types comprising the meshwork.
Field-induced Strain Memory with Non-180˚ Domain-reorientation Control
Yoichi Kadota,Hiroshi Hosaka,Takeshi Morita 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.57 No.41
Using non-180˚ domain-reorientation control, we propose the strain memory effect in ferroelectric ceramics. Electric fields with asymmetric amplitudes were applied to soft-type lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics, and the strain hysteresis and the polarization loop were measured. The butterfly curve became asymmetric under an electric field with a particular asymmetric amplitude. The asymmetric butterfly curve had two stable strain states at zero electric field. Thus, the strain memory effect was realized as the difference between the two stable strain states. An XRD analysis was carried out to verify the contribution of the non-180˚ domain reorientation to the strain memory effect. The non-180˚ domain reorientation was determined as the intensity ratio of the (002) to the (200) peak. The strain memory determined from macroscopic strain measurements had a linear relationship to the non-180 domain volume fraction. This result indicated the origin of the strain memory to be the non-180˚ domain reorientation.
Thermal, Dielectric, and Magnetic Properties in Multiferroic Cu2.85Zn0.15Mo2O9
Haruhiko Kuroe,Kento Aoki,Ryusuke Itoh,Tomohiro Hosaka,Takuya Hasegawa,Suguru Hachiuma,Mitsuru Akaki,Hideki Kuwahara,Tomoyuki Sekine,Masashi Hase,Kunihiko Oka,Toshimitsu Ito,Hiroshi Eisaki 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.63 No.3
We study the effects of Zn substitution on single crystals of the low-dimensional multiferroicmaterial Cu3Mo2O9. We report the magnetic field-temperature phase diagram obtained from thetemperature and the magnetic field dependences of the specific heat, the dielectric constant, thedifferential magnetization, and the electric polarization-electric field curve in Cu2.85Zn0.15Mo2O9. We obtain three phases: a paraelectric and a ferroelectric phase, and a ferroelectric phase with alarge coercive electric field. The origin of the last one is discussed based on the charge redistributioneffect on a half-filled Mott insulator. In this phase, the Zn substitution induces a robust localizedferroelectric polarization that increases the coercive electric field.
( Osamu Kawamura ),( Yukie Kohata ),( Noriyuki Kawami ),( Hiroshi Iida ),( Akiyo Kawada ),( Hiroko Hosaka ),( Yasuyuki Shimoyama ),( Shiko Kuribayashi ),( Yasuhiro Fujiwara ),( Katsuhiko Iwakiri ),( M 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2016 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.22 No.4
Background/Aims Twenty-four-hour esophageal impedance and pH monitoring allows detection of all types of reflux episodes and is considered the best technique for identifying gastroesophageal refluxes. However, normative data for the Japanese population are lacking. This multicenter study aimed to establish the normal range of 24-hour esophageal impedance and pH data both in the distal and the proximal esophagus in Japanese subjects. Methods Forty-two healthy volunteers (25 men and 17 women) with a mean ± standard deviation age of 33.3 ± 12.4 years (range: 22-72 years) underwent a combined 24-hour esophageal impedance and pH monitoring. According to the physical and pH properties, distal or proximal esophageal reflux events were categorized. Results Median 45 reflux events occurred in 24 hours, and the 95th percentile was 85 events. Unlike previous reports, liquid-containing reflux events are median 25/24 hours with the 95th percentile of 62/24 hours. Acidic reflux events were median 11/24 hours with the 95th percentile of 39/24 hours. Non-acidic gas reflux events were median 15/24 hours with the 95th percentile of 39/24 hours. Proximal reflux events accounted for 80% of the total reflux events and were mainly non-acidic gas refluxes. About 19% of liquid and mixed refluxes reached the proximal esophagus. Conclusions Unlike previous studies, liquid-containing and acidic reflux events may be less frequent in the Japanese population. Non-acidic gas reflux events may be frequent and a cause of frequent proximal reflux events. This study provides important normative data for 24-hour impedance and pH monitoring in both the distal and the proximal esophagus in the Japanese population.