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Species Specific Antiviral Activity of Porcine Interferon-α8 (IFNα8)
Kim, Eunhye,Jhun, Hyunjhung,Kim, Joohee,Park, Unjoo,Jo, Seunghyun,Kwak, Areum,Kim, Sinae,Nguyen, Tam T.,Kang, Yongsun,Choi, Insoo,Lee, Joongbok,Kim, Heijun,Kim, Younghyun,Lee, Siyoung,Kim, Soohyun 한국조명·전기설비학회 2017 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol. No.
<P>Interferons (IFNs) have been known as antiviral genes and they are classified by type 1, type 2, and type 3 IFN. The type 1 IFN consists of IFNα, IFNβ, IFNτ, and IFNω whereas the type 2 IFN consists of only IFNγ, which is a key cytokine driving T helper cell type 1 immunity. IFNλ belongs to the type 3 IFN, which is also known as IL-28 and IL-29 possessing antiviral activities. Type 1 IFN is produced by viral infection whereas type 2 IFN is induced by mitogenic or antigenic T-cell stimuli. The IFNτ of bovine was first discovered in an ungulate ruminant recognition hormone. IFNτ belongs to the type 1 IFN with the common feature of type 1 IFN such as antiviral activity. IFNs have been mostly studied for basic research and clinical usages therefore there was no effort to investigate IFNs in industrial animals. Here we cloned porcine IFNα8 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Korean domestic pig (<I>Sus scrofa domestica</I>). The newly cloned IFNα8 amino acid sequence from Korean domestic pig shares 98.4% identity with the known porcine IFNα8 in databank. The recombinant porcine IFNα8 showed potent antiviral activity and protected bovine Madin-Darby bovine kidney epithelial (MDBK) cells from the cytopathic effect of vesicular stomatitis virus, but it failed to protect human Wistar Institute Susan Hayflick (WISH) cells and canine Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial-like (MDCK) cells. The present study demonstrates species specific antiviral activity of porcine IFNα8.</P>
Sinae Kim,Jong Ho Lee,Siyoung Lee,Saerok Shim,Tam T. Nguyen,Jihyeong Hwang,Heijun Kim,Yeo-Ok Choi,Jaewoo Hong,Suyoung Bae,Hyun Jhung Jhun,Hokee Yum,이영민,Edward D. Chan,Liping Yu,Tania Azam,Yong-Dae Kim 대한면역학회 2020 Immune Network Vol.20 No.5
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The viral genome encodes twelve genes for viral replication and infection. The third open reading frame is the spike (S) gene that encodes for the spike glycoprotein interacting with specific cell surface receptor – angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) – on the host cell membrane. Most recent studies identified a single point mutation in S gene. A single point mutation in S gene leading to an amino acid substitution at codon 614 from an aspartic acid 614 into glycine (D614G) resulted in greater infectivity compared to the wild type SARS-CoV2. We were interested in investigating the mutation region of S gene of SARS-CoV2 from Korean COVID-19 patients. New mutation sites were found in the critical receptor binding domain (RBD) of S gene, which is adjacent to the aforementioned D614G mutation residue. This specific sequence data demonstrated the active progression of SARS-CoV2 by mutations in the RBD of S gene. The sequence information of new mutations is critical to the development of recombinant SARS-CoV2 spike antigens, which may be required to improve and advance the strategy against a wide range of possible SARS-CoV2 mutations.
Low‐cost and miniaturized metamaterial absorber using 3D printed swastika symbol
Kim, Minseok,Jeong, Heijun,Lim, Daecheon,Ghosh, Saptarshi,Lim, Sungjoon John WileySons, Inc. 2020 MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS - Vol.62 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>In this paper, a low‐cost metamaterial (MM) absorber is proposed using 3‐dimensional (3D) printing technology. The unit cell of the proposed MM absorber is motivated from a swastika symbol to minimize the footprint size. For further miniaturization, the unit cell is 3D printed by stacking two blocks. The conductive top patterns are realized by painting with a silver ink. The proposed MM absorber consists of 2 × 4 unit cell array which is loaded in the rectangular waveguide. Its absorptivity is simulated and measured to demonstrate the performance. The simulated and measured absorptivity at 1.91 GHz are 99% and 92%, respectively.</P>
Mechanically actuated frequency reconfigurable metamaterial absorber
Kim, Jongyeong,Jeong, Heijun,Lim, Sungjoon Elsevier 2019 Sensors and actuators. A Physical Vol.299 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this paper, a mechanically actuated frequency reconfigurable metamaterial electromagnetic absorber is proposed. The absorber’s metamaterial unit cell is designed to exploit LC resonance from inductive and capacitive coupling. Because this inductance and capacitance determine the absorber’s resonant frequency, we propose a mechanical tuning method that changes the resonant frequency by changing the overall thickness of the metamaterial unit cell. The proposed unit cell consists of an FR4 dielectric substrate with fixed thickness and an air substrate with tunable thickness. When the air substrate thickness is varied over the range of 17 mm to 26 mm, the absorber’s resonant frequency changes from 6.96 GHz to 5.79 GHz in EM simulation. In order to verify the proposed idea, a metamaterial absorber was fabricated as a 17 × 17 array of unit cells and a linear actuator was used to control the thickness of the air substrate. We experimentally demonstrated that the absorption frequency changes from 6.96 GHz to 5.78 GHz with 0.12 (GHz/mm) sensitivity when the air substrate thickness is mechanically changed from 17 mm to 26 mm.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A mechanically actuated frequency reconfigurable metamaterial electromagnetic absorber is proposed. </LI> <LI> A linear actuator and microcontroller is used for changing air substrate thickness mechanically. </LI> <LI> The absorption frequency changes from 6.96 GHz to 5.78 GHz when the air substrate thickness is changed from 17 mm to 26 mm. </LI> <LI> A rate of change for the absorption frequency relative to the air substrate thickness is 0.12 (GHz/mm). </LI> <LI> The proposed metamaterial absorber can be potentially used for wireless pressure sensor applications. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>