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Current status and prospects of Positive List System (PLS) of Japan
Heesoo Eun 한국응용곤충학회 2018 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.10
On May 29, 2006, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) created a system which provided a list of positive agricultural chemicals found in foods. This system has been done to prohibit the distribution of foods that contain agricultural chemicals above certain allowable level if the maximum residue limits (MRLs) have not been established. The agricultural chemicals include pesticides, feed additives, and veterinary drugs. This system aims at prohibiting the distribution of foods that contain residues of agricultural chemicals above certain allowable level. The Positive List allows 799 agricultural chemicals and provided guidelines for the use of those chemicals for products destined to Japan. Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) have been set for chemicals, and are usually expressed in parts per million. The MRL has been applied to pesticides, feed additives, and veterinary drugs that can remain in foods but are unlikely to pose adverse health effects when consumed. Data are given to members on Positive List and MRL, including the Japanese inspection protocol, violation results, sampling levels, and issues to be aware of, have been summarized in a report done by MHLW. Indeed, to implement the positive list, various measures were needed to secure the safety of agricultural products using pesticides. In other words, only the agricultural chemicals registered in Japan are manufactured, imported, sold and used. Pesticides that are not confirmed and registered by scientific evaluation for safety cannot be used. Therefore, when applying for agricultural chemical registration, it is necessary to submit test results (animal test etc.) such as toxicity. (Pesticides that may remain in food crops) The tests are as follows: ● Acute toxicity test ● Examination to investigate the influence of toxicity over the medium to long-term ● Test to obtain information for coping with acute intoxication due to an accident at an occasion of spraying and accidental ingestion ● Information on the decomposition route of agricultural chemicals in the body of animals and plants and the structure of decomposition products etc. is grasped ● Examination of the influence in the environment ● Test on the persistence of agricultural crops However, there are still remaining budget problems for pesticide enlargement registration tests for different kinds of crops. Thus, the pesticide registrations for the minor crops are serious tasks. As a general rule, the food classification adopted the Codex Classification of Foods and Animal Feeds. And though farmers cultivate their vegetables such as spinach and lettuce with no pesticide, the vegetables may still be affected by them because of some neighboring farmers spraying pesticides. This can lead to serious problems if pesticides are detected in vegetables. When the positive list was implemented for more than 10 years, this system is becoming more established in Japan but, various problems still remain and it is necessary to gather more information on pesticides.
스마트 기기를 활용한 모형 구성 활동에서 드러난 개념 특성의 변화 및 변화 지원 요인 탐색
하희수 ( Heesoo Ha ),이차은 ( Cha-eun Lee ),김희백 ( Heui-baik Kim ) 한국생물교육학회 2018 생물교육 Vol.46 No.3
This study aimed to investigate change in the properties of students’ conceptions of the circulatory system during modeling activities using smart technology and to investigate instructional supports for the change. A teacher and 32 students in an elementary school participated, and seven groups with two students in each were selected as focus groups. We recorded both their classroom practices and interviews, which were transcribed for analysis. We have described the results of the analysis that showed that the represented properties of conceptions varied in each group according to the students’ operation of smart technology and the instructional contexts. The instructional contexts that facilitated sophistication of conceptions were categorized in three types: (1) students’ interpretation of data that they collected through operation of smart devices by themselves; (2) teacher and researchers’ scaffolding to support the reasoning based on the data the students acquired; (3) students’ reflections on their modeling practices, facilitated by researchers in the interview, in which they modified their reasoning and advanced into scientific concepts of the properties of a mechanism. This study contributes to research on constructing biology classrooms with the adoption of new technologies to support students’ productive engagement in scientific modeling.
Jung, Heesoo,Park, Jaeyoung,Yoo, Eun Sang,Han, Gill-Sang,Jung, Hyun Suk,Ko, Min Jae,Park, Sanghoo,Choe, Wonho RSC Pub 2013 Nanoscale Vol.5 No.17
<P>A key challenge to the industrial application of nanotechnology is the development of fabrication processes for functional devices based on nanomaterials which can be scaled up for mass production. In this report, we disclose the results of non-thermal radio-frequency (rf) atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) based deposition of TiO2 nanoparticles on a flexible substrate for the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Operating at 190 C without a vacuum enclosure, the APP method can avoid thermal damage and vacuum compatibility restrictions and utilize roll-to-roll processing over a large area. The various analyses of the TiO2 films demonstrate that superior film properties can be obtained by the non-thermal APP method when compared with the thermal sintering process operating at 450 C. The crystallinity of the anatase TiO2 nanoparticles is significantly improved without thermal agglomeration, while the surface defects such as Ti(3+) ions are eliminated, thus providing efficient charge collecting properties for solar cells. Finally, we successfully fabricated a flexible DSSC with an energy conversion efficiency of 4.2% using a transparent plastic substrate. This work demonstrates the potential of non-thermal APP technology in the area of device-level, nano-enabled material manufacturing.</P>