Hemodynamic effects of norepinephrine versus phenylephrine infusion for prophylaxis against spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in the elderly population undergoing hip fracture surgery: a randomized controlled trial

Mostafa Maha,Hasanin Ahmed,Mostafa Mahmoud,Taha Mai Y,Elsayad Mohamed,Haggag Fatma Alzahraa,Taalab Omar,Rady Ashraf,Abdelhamid Bassant 대한마취통증의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.74 No.4

Background: Elderly population are at increased risk of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension increasing their risk for postoperative morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to compare the hemodynamic effects of prophylactic infusion of norepinephrine (NE) versus phenylephrine (PE) in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery under spinal anesthesia. Methods: Elderly patients scheduled for hip fracture surgery were randomized to receive either NE infusion (8 µg/min) (NE group, n = 31) or PE infusion (100 µg/min) (PE group, n = 31) after spinal anesthesia. Outcomes included mean heart rate, mean blood pressure, cardiac output, incidence of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension, incidence of bradycardia, and incidence of hypertension. Results: Sixty-two patients with a mean age of 71 ± 6 years were included in the final analysis (31 patients in each group). The NE group showed a higher mean heart rate and cardiac output than the PE group. The NE group had a lower incidence of reactive bradycardia (10% vs. 36%, P = 0.03) and hypertension (3% vs. 36%, P = 0.003) than the PE group. No study participant developed hypotension, and the mean blood pressure was comparable between the two groups. Conclusions: Both NE and PE infusions effectively prevented spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. However, NE provided more hemodynamic stability than PE; maintaining the heart rate, higher cardiac output, less reactive bradycardia, and hypertension.

Hypericum Perforatum Decreased Hippocampus TNF-${\alpha}$ and Corticosterone Levels with No Effect on Kynurenine/Tryptophan Ratio in Bilateral Ovariectomized Rats

El-Bakly, Wesam M.,Hasanin, Amany H. The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2014 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.18 No.3

The present study was designed to investigate the effect Hypericum Perforatum (HP), on behavioral changes, corticosterone, TNF-${\alpha}$ levels and tryptophan metabolism and disposition in bilateral ovariectomized rats compared to $17{\alpha}$-ethinylestradiol. Behavioral analysis by measuring immobility time in forced swimming test and open field test, serum and hippocampal corticosterone and TNF-${\alpha}$ along with hippocampal kynurenine/tryptophan ratio were determined in mature ovariectomized rats treated orally either by HP at three different doses 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg/day or by $17{\alpha}$-ethinylestradiol $30{\mu}g/kg/day$ for 30 days. Ovariectomized rats showed significant increase in immobility time in the forced swimming test. Along with elevation in serum and hippocampal TNF-${\alpha}$ and corticosterone levels associated with significant increase in hippocampal kynurenine/tryptophan ratio. Immobility time in the forced swimming test was decreased in rats treated by different doses of HP in a dose dependent manner and $17{\alpha}$-ethinylestradiol with no concomitant changes in the open field test. Only Rats treated with HP exhibited significant decrease in the elevated serum and hippocampal TNF-${\alpha}$ and corticosterone, which couldn't explain the associated insignificant effect on hippocampaus kynurenine/tryptophan ratio in comparison to ovariectomized untreated rats. It is concluded that increased tryptophan metabolism toward kynurenine secondary to elevated corticosterone and TNF-${\alpha}$ might be one of the pathohphysiological mechanisms that could explain depression like state observed in this rat model. Further, the observed attenuating effect of HP on TNF-${\alpha}$ and corticosterone could contribute in its antidepressant effect in this animal model by other ways than their effects on tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism pathway.

Lamotrigine Decreased Hippocampal Damage and Improved Vascular Risk Markers in a Rat Model of Pentylenetetrazole Induced Kindling Seizure

Haggag, Basma S.,Hasanin, Amany H.,Raafat, Mona H.,Kawy, Hala S. Abdel The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2014 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.18 No.3

Various antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) especially enzyme-inducing AEDs might be associated with increased vascular risk, through impairment of the endogenous antioxidative ability which may trigger oxygen-dependent tissue injury. Lamotrigine (LTG) a non-enzyme-inducing AED has scarce information regarding its effects on oxidative stress. The present study aimed to study the possible modulation of vascular risk factors of epileptogenesis by LTG, in a rat model of kindling seizure induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Four groups of male Wister rats were used; vehicle control group, PTZ group (alternate day PTZ, 30 mg/kg, i.p), LTG/PTZ group (LTG 20 mg/kg/day p.o and alternate day PTZ) and LTG group. The study period was 5 weeks. Lipoproteins and total homocysteine (tHcy), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured. Aortic endothelial function study and histopathological examination of the rats' brains, aortas and coronaries were conducted. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), tHcy, MDA, GSH levels were significantly higher in epileptic rats than normal controls rats. A decrease in HDL-cholesterol with high atherosclerotic index was also demonstrated. The administration of LTG improved the PTZ-kindled seizures. It produced a significant decrease in TC, TG and LDL-cholesterol, MDA, aortic GSH and increase in HDL-cholesterol with no significant effect on serum GSH and tHcy levels. LTG improved endothelium-dependent relaxation, decreased hippocampal neurodegenerative changes and atherosclerotic changes of aortas and coronaries. LTG decreased seizures severity, hippocampal damage and improved vascular risk markers in this rat model of kindling seizures.

Lamotrigine Decreased Hippocampal Damage and Improved Vascular Risk Markers in a Rat Model of Pentylenetetrazole Induced Kindling Seizure

Basma S Haggag,Amany H Hasanin,Mona H Raafat,Hala S Abdel Kawy 대한약리학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.18 No.3

Various antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) especially enzyme-inducing AEDs might be associated withincreased vascular risk, through impairment of the endogenous antioxidative ability which may triggeroxygen-dependent tissue injury. Lamotrigine (LTG) a non-enzyme-inducing AED has scarce informationregarding its effects on oxidative stress. The present study aimed to study the possible modulationof vascular risk factors of epileptogenesis by LTG, in a rat model of kindling seizure induced bypentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Four groups of male Wister rats were used; vehicle control group, PTZ group(alternate day PTZ, 30 mg/kg, i.p), LTG/PTZ group (LTG 20 mg/kg/day p.o and alternate day PTZ)and LTG group. The study period was 5 weeks. Lipoproteins and total homocysteine (tHcy), malondialdehyde(MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured. Aortic endothelial function studyand histopathological examination of the rats’ brains, aortas and coronaries were conducted. Serumtotal cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), tHcy, MDA,GSH levels were significantly higher in epileptic rats than normal controls rats. A decrease inHDL-cholesterol with high atherosclerotic index was also demonstrated. The administration of LTGimproved the PTZ-kindled seizures. It produced a significant decrease in TC, TG and LDL-cholesterol,MDA, aortic GSH and increase in HDL-cholesterol with no significant effect on serum GSH and tHcylevels. LTG improved endothelium-dependent relaxation, decreased hippocampal neurodegenerativechanges and atherosclerotic changes of aortas and coronaries. LTG decreased seizures severity,hippocampal damage and improved vascular risk markers in this rat model of kindling seizures.

Hypericum Perforatum Decreased Hippocampus TNF-α and Corticosterone Levels with No Effect on Kynurenine/Tryptophan Ratio in Bilateral Ovariectomized Rats

Wesam M El-Bakly,Amany H Hasanin 대한약리학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.18 No.3

The present study was designed to investigate the effect Hypericum Perforatum (HP), on behavioralchanges, corticosterone, TNF-α levels and tryptophan metabolism and disposition in bilateral ovariectomizedrats compared to 17α -ethinylestradiol. Behavioral analysis by measuring immobility timein forced swimming test and open field test, serum and hippocampal corticosterone and TNF-α alongwith hippocampal kynurenine/tryptophan ratio were determined in mature ovariectomized rats treatedorally either by HP at three different doses 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg/day or by 17α-ethinylestradiol30 μg/kg/day for 30 days. Ovariectomized rats showed significant increase in immobility time in theforced swimming test. Along with elevation in serum and hippocampal TNF-α and corticosterone levelsassociated with significant increase in hippocampal kynurenine/tryptophan ratio. Immobility time inthe forced swimming test was decreased in rats treated by different doses of HP in a dose dependentmanner and 17α-ethinylestradiol with no concomitant changes in the open field test. Only Rats treatedwith HP exhibited significant decrease in the elevated serum and hippocampal TNF-α and corticosterone,which couldn't explain the associated insignificant effect on hippocampaus kynurenine/tryptophan ratio in comparison to ovariectomized untreated rats. It is concluded that increasedtryptophan metabolism toward kynurenine secondary to elevated corticosterone and TNF-α might beone of the pathohphysiological mechanisms that could explain depression like state observed in thisrat model. Further, the observed attenuating effect of HP on TNF-α and corticosterone could contributein its antidepressant effect in this animal model by other ways than their effects on tryptophankynureninemetabolism pathway.

Effect of stretching exercises versus autogenic training on preeclampsia

Mohamed A. Awad,Marwa E. Hasanin,Mona Mohamed Taha,Amir A. Gabr 한국운동재활학회 2019 JER Vol.15 No.1

Lead Removal from Aqueous Solution by Green Solid Film Based on Cellulosic Fiber Extracted from Banana Tree Doped in Polyacrylamide

Amr Abdelkhalek,Safaa S. M. Ali,Zhanwu Sheng,Lili Zheng,Mohamed Hasanin 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.5

In the present study, we investigated the lead ions removal on the solid form (as strips) by adsorption on greencellulosic fiber/polyacrylamide (GCFP). Strips were prepared in a solid form, not a hydrogel, for performing the adsorptionprocess without squandering of water. Then, the prepared film and its original materials were characterized using attenuatedtotal reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive electronspectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The experiments were conducted under different operating conditions, such as contact time,initial Pb concentration, adsorbent dose, and pH value. The adsorption process mechanism was tested by applying twokinetic models to the experimental data, which are the pseudo-first order and the pseudo-second order, and intraparticlediffusion models. The equilibrium results were fitted to three isotherm models, namely Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) models. We found a Pb removal yield of 98 % (approximately 128 mg/g) at pH=7, an adsorbent doseof 0.4 g, an initial Pb concentration of 50 ppm, and a contact time of 60 min. The kinetic study results showed that thepseudo-second-order kinetic model provided superior correlation for the adsorption of Pb ions. Moreover, Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model had better-fit adsorption data. The obtained results revealed the high efficiency of GCFPfilms in lead ions adsorption from water. Additionally, the components of these films, represented here by banana pseudostemwaste, are green sources, inexpensive and easy to obtain, whereas this waste is a burden on the farmers due to itsdifficult disposal.

Anti-cancer Effect of Hyoscyamus muticus Extract via Its Activation of Fas/FasL-ASK1-p38 Pathway

Amer Ali Abd El-Hafeez,Hala Mohamed M. Marzouk,Mohamed A. A. Abdelhamid,Hazim O. Khalifa,Tamer H. A. Hasanin,Ahmed G. K. Habib,Fatma Mahmoud Abdelwahed,Fatma M. Barakat,Eslam M. Bastawy,Eman M. B. Abd 한국생물공학회 2022 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.27 No.5

Hyoscyamus muticus L. is a traditional medicine used as antispasmodic and sedative. Herein, we aimed to determine the phytochemical constituents and for the first time its anti-cancer activities. The phytochemical constituents of the different extracts were evaluated by calorimetric methods. The anti-cancer activities of the extracts were tested against leukemia, breast, renal, and prostate cancers cell lines. 4, 6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, flow cytometric analysis, knockdown of ASK1, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were evaluated to clarify the mechanism of action. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of wide range of phytoconstituents. Hyoscyamus muticus methanolic extracts (HMME) showed the highest anti-cancer activities against leukemia, breast, renal, and prostate cancers as compared to ethanol and aqueous extracts. Specifically, HMME exerted cytotoxic effect against the MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines with IC50 values of 8.75 and 7.25 μg/mL, respectively. Mechanistically, DAPI staining and flow cytometric analysis revealed that HMME induces apoptosis via the death receptor, FAS, but not the mitochondrial pathway. Moreover, ASK1 and p38 were rapidly activated in response to HMME, and knockdown of ASK1 by a small interference of RNA specific to Ask1 attenuated p38 and caspase-3 activation and suppressed apoptosis, implying that HMME-induced apoptosis relies on the ASK1-p38-caspase-3 pathway. Furthermore, we confirmed that cellular ROS generation was a critical mediator in HMME-induced apoptosis because the ROSscavenger N-acetyl cysteine significantly decreased the phosphorylation of ASK1 and HMME-induced apoptosis. Our results confirmed HMME cytotoxic effects in TNBCs via ROS-dependent activation of the Fas/FasL-ASK1-p38 axis.

Anti-proliferative Activities of Metallic Nanoparticles in an in Vitro Breast Cancer Model

Loutfy, Samah A,Al-Ansary, Nadia A,Abdel-Ghani, Nour T,Hamed, Ahmed R,Mohamed, Mona B,Craik, James D,Eldin, Taher A. Salah,Abdellah, Ahmed M,Hussein, Yassmein,Hasanin, MTM,Elbehairi, Serag Eldin I Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.14

Aims: To investigate effect of metallic nanoparticles, silver (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as antitumor treatment in vitro against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and their associated mechanisms. This could provide new class of engineered nanoparticles with desired physicochemical properties and may present newer approaches for therapeutic modalities to breast cancer in women. Materials and Methods: A human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) was used as a model of cells. Metallic nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectra and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cytotoxic effects of metallic nanoparticles on MCF-7 cells were followed by colorimetric SRB cell viability assays, microscopy, and cellular uptake. Nature of cell death was further investigated by DNA analysis and flow cytometry. Results: Treatment of MCF-7 with different concentrations of 5-10nm diameter of AgNPs inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 value of $6.28{\mu}M$, whereas treatment of MCF-7 with different concentrations of 13-15nm diameter of AuNPs inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 value of $14.48{\mu}M$. Treatment of cells with a IC50 concentration of AgNPs generated progressive accumulation of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle and prevented entry into the M phase. The treatment of cells with IC50 concentrations of AuNPs similarly generated progressive accumulation of cells in sub-G1 and S phase, and inhibited the entrance of cells into the M phase of the cell cycle. DNA fragmentation, as demonstrated by electrophoresis, indicated induction of apoptosis. Conclusions: Our engineered silver nanoparticles effectively inhibit the proliferation of human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 in vitro at high concentration ($1000{\mu}M$) through apoptotic mechanisms, and may be a beneficial agent against human carcinoma but further detailed study is still needed.