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Feranita Haring(Feranita Haring ),Muh. Farid(Muh. Farid ),Sudirman Sudirman(Sudirman Sudirman ),Muhammad Fuad Anshori(Muhammad Fuad Anshori ) 한국육종학회 2023 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.11 No.2
Increasing the productivity of Colocasia esculenta var. Antiquorum is very necessary to enhance the mass of tubers. This can be achieved through polyploid mutation method using colchicine to improve tuber size by increasing the number of chromosomes. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of colchicine on morphology and polyploid changes of Colocasia esculenta var. Antiquorum at various concentrations and duration of immersion In vitro. The analysis was carried out as a completely randomized factorial design, with the first factor being colchicine concentration, consisting of 0.0%, 0.05%, 0.075%, and 0.1%. The second factor was the immersion time which consisted of 8 and 16 hours. The results showed that the best combination of concentration and immersion time on somatic morphology was 0.075% colchicine with 8 hours and 16 hours of immersion. Meanwhile, the best combination of chromosomal changes was 0.05% colchicine with 16 hours of immersion. These results indicated that the treatment of 0.05% colchicine concentration with a soaking time of 16 hours can be recommended for induction of polyploid mutations in Colocasia esculenta.
Disrupted network cross talk, hippocampal dysfunction and hallucinations in schizophrenia
Hare, Stephanie M.,Law, Alicia S.,Ford, Judith M.,Mathalon, Daniel H.,Ahmadi, Aral,Damaraju, Eswar,Bustillo, Juan,Belger, Aysenil,Lee, Hyo Jong,Mueller, Bryon A.,Lim, Kelvin O.,Brown, Gregory G.,Preda Elsevier 2018 Schizophrenia Research Vol.199 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Hallucinations characterize schizophrenia, with approximately 59% of patients reporting auditory hallucinations and 27% reporting visual hallucinations. Prior neuroimaging studies suggest that hallucinations are linked to disrupted communication across distributed (sensory, salience-monitoring and subcortical) networks. Yet, our understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms that underlie auditory and visual hallucinations in schizophrenia remains limited.</P> <P>This study integrates two resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis methods – amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and functional network connectivity (FNC) – to explore the hypotheses that (1) abnormal FNC between salience and sensory (visual/auditory) networks underlies hallucinations in schizophrenia, and (2) disrupted hippocampal oscillations (as measured by hippocampal ALFF) beget changes in FNC linked to hallucinations. Our first hypothesis was supported by the finding that schizophrenia patients reporting hallucinations have higher FNC between the salience network and an associative auditory network relative to healthy controls. Hippocampal ALFF was negatively associated with FNC between primary auditory cortex and the salience network in healthy subjects, but was positively associated with FNC between these networks in patients reporting hallucinations. These findings provide <I>indirect</I> support favoring our second hypothesis. We suggest future studies integrate fMRI with electroencephalogram (EEG) and/or magnetoencephalogram (MEG) methods to <I>directly probe</I> the temporal relation between altered hippocampal <I>oscillations</I> and changes in cross-network functional communication.</P>
Modality-Dependent Impact of Hallucinations on Low-Frequency Fluctuations in Schizophrenia
Hare, S. M.,Ford, J. M.,Ahmadi, A.,Damaraju, E.,Belger, A.,Bustillo, J.,Lee, H. J.,Mathalon, D. H.,Mueller, B. A.,Preda, A. Oxford University Press 2017 Schizophrenia bulletin Vol.43 No.2
<P>Prior resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analyses have identified patterns of functional connectivity associated with hallucinations in schizophrenia (Sz). In this study, we performed an analysis of the mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) to compare resting state spontaneous low-frequency fluctuations in patients with Sz who report experiencing hallucinations impacting different sensory modalities. By exploring dynamics across 2 low-frequency passbands (slow-4 and slow-5), we assessed the impact of hallucination modality and frequency range on spatial ALFF variation. Drawing from a sample of Sz and healthy controls studied as part of the Functional Imaging Biomedical Informatics Research Network (FBIRN), we replicated prior findings showing that patients with Sz have decreased ALFF in the posterior brain in comparison to controls. Remarkably, we found that patients that endorsed visual hallucinations did not show this pattern of reduced ALFF in the back of the brain. These patients also had elevated ALFF in the left hippocampus in comparison to patients that endorsed auditory (but not visual) hallucinations. Moreover, left hippocampal ALFF across all the cases was related to reported hallucination severity in both the auditory and visual domains, and not overall positive symptoms. This supports the hypothesis that dynamic changes in the ALFF in the hippocampus underlie severity of hallucinations that impact different sensory modalities.</P>
Degenerated lumbricals in the feet of adult human cadavers: case series
Hare Krishna,Rati Tandon,Tony George Jacob 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.2
In the foot, the lumbricals flex the metatarsophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints. Thelumbricals are known to be affected in neuropathies. It is not known whether they may degenerate in normal individuals. Here, we report our findings of isolated degenerated lumbricals in seemingly normal feet of two cadavers. We explored lumbricals in 20 male and 8 female cadavers that were 60–80 years of age at the time of death. As part of routine dissection, we exposed the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus and the lumbricals. From the degenerated lumbricals, we took some tissue for paraffin-embedding, sectioning, and staining by hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson’s trichrome technique. Of the 224 lumbricals studied, we found four apparently degenerated lumbricals in two male cadavers. In the first, the 2nd and 4th lumbricals in the left foot and the 2nd in the right foot were degenerated. In the second, the right 4th lumbrical was degenerated. Microscopically, the degenerated tissue was made of bundles of collagen. The lumbricals may have degenerated due to compression of their nerve supply. We cannot comment on whether the functionality of the feet were affected by these isolated degeneration of the lumbricals.
North Korea: Building the Institutions to Raise Living Standards
Paul Hare 한국국제경제학회 2012 International Economic Journal Vol.26 No.3
This paper examines the nature of the economic failure that has brought North Korea such low living standards, and considers how the economic system might be reformed to facilitate a return to overall growth in both aggregate income (GDP) and general living standards. The focus is on institutional aspects of the needed reforms, emphasising the importance of building on existing institutions and practices wherever possible, rather than starting from scratch from a tabula rasa. Food supplies, the large military establishment, and the astonishing failure to adapt to the trade shock resulting from the collapse of the USSR are reviewed in detail, and potential lessons are explored from EU enlargement, German reunification and the very messy Russian transition. In proposing reforms, the paper is pragmatic and flexible, prioritising measures to improve food supplies while also emphasising a wide range of local, experimental and decentralised reforms that surely have greater chance of success than a top-down approach.
Nigam, Hare Krishna,Sharm, Ajay Department of Mathematics 2010 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.50 No.4
A good amount of work has been done on degree of approximation of functions belonging to Lip${\alpha}$, Lip($\xi$(t),r) and W($L_r,\xi(t)$) and classes using Ces$\`{a}$ro, N$\"{o}$rlund and generalised N$\"{o}$rlund single summability methods by a number of researchers ([1], [10], [8], [6], [7], [2], [3], [4], [9]). But till now, nothing seems to have been done so far to obtain the degree of approximation of functions using (N,$p_n$)(C, 1) product summability method. Therefore the purpose of present paper is to establish two quite new theorems on degree of approximation of function $f\;\in\;Lip({\alpha},r)$ class and $f\;\in\;W(L_r,\;\xi(t))$ class by (N, $p_n$)(C, 1) product summability means of its Fourier series.
TRIGONOMETRIC APPROXIMATION OF FUNCTIONS BY HAUSDORFF-MATRIX PRODUCT OPERATORS
Nigam Hare Krishna,Hadish Md. 경남대학교 수학교육과 2019 Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications Vol.24 No.4
In this paper, we obtain the error approximation of a function in weighted $W(L_r, xi(t), r>1$ class by Hausdorff-Matrix (^T) product means of its Fourier series. Our main theorems generalize the results of Nigam ([18], [19]), Nigam and Sharma [20], Singh and Srivastava [28] and Lal [14]. Thus, these results become the particular cases of our theorems. Some important corollaries are also deduced from our main theorems.