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- 저자 : Handong Su (검색결과 1 건)
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Emerging roles of centromeric RNAs in centromere formation and function
Qian Liu,Yang Liu,Qinghua Shi,Handong Su,Chunhui Wang,James A. Birchler,Fangpu Han 한국유전학회 2021 Genes & Genomics Vol.43 No.3
Background Centromeres are specialized chromosomal domains involved in kinetochore formation and faithful chromosome segregation. Despite a high level of functional conservation, centromeres are not identifed by DNA sequences, but by epigenetic means. Universally, centromeres are typically formed on highly repetitive DNA, which were previously considered to be silent. However, recent studies have shown that transcription occurs in this region, known as centromeric-derived RNAs (cenRNAs). CenRNAs that contribute to fundamental aspects of centromere function have been recently investigated in detail. However, the distribution, behavior and contributions of centromeric transcripts are still poorly understood. Objective The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the roles of cenRNAs in centromere formation and function. Methods We describe the structure and DNA sequence of centromere from yeast to human. In addition, we briefy introduce the roles of cenRNAs in centromere formation and function, kinetochore structure, accurate chromosome segregation, and pericentromeric heterochromatin assembly. Centromeric circular RNAs (circRNAs) and R-loops are rising stars in centromere function. CircRNAs have been successfully identifed in various species with the assistance of high-throughput sequencing and novel computational approaches for non-polyadenylated RNA transcripts. Centromeric R-loops can be identifed by the single-strand DNA ligation-based library preparation technique. But the molecular features and function of these centromeric R-loops and circRNAs are still being investigated. Conclusion In this review, we summarize recent fndings on the epigenetic regulation of cenRNAs across species, which would provide useful information about cenRNAs and interesting hints for further studies.
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