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Huang, George T.-J.,Zhang, Hai-Bo,Yin, Chunyi,Park, Sang Hyuk 대한구강생물학회 2004 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.29 No.1
The objective of this study was to determine whether cells from human pulp can be transduced to express the antimicrobial peptide--human β-defensin-2 (HBD-2). Primary human pulp cells and gingival fibroblasts from normal tissue, as well as two mouse cell lines (NIH 3T3 and AT-84) and a human cell line SCC-9 were transduced with a retroviral vector carrying HBD-2 cDNA. ELISA and Northern blot analyses were performed to detect HBD-2 expression by these transduced cells. Antimicrobail assays using recombinant HBD-2 were performed on two caries-associated bacteria Streptococcus mutnas and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The results showed that transduced pulp cells secreted 62.4±27.2 ng/3 days of HBD-2, which was comparable to that by NIH 3T3 (78.0±14.1 mg/4 days), and higher than those by gingival fibroblasts (17.9±7.9 ng/3 days), AT-84 (2.6±1.0 ng/3 days), and SCC-9 (47.6±9.9 ng/3 days). Northern blot analysis showed that the levels of HBD-2 mRNA expression correlated with their protein secretion levels. There was approximately 50% reduction of growth when S. mutans and L. acidophilus were exposed to HBD-2 at 1 μM. Pulp cells appear to be suitable for HBD-2 transduction using retroviral vectors, suggesting a potential for use in controlling pulpal infections.
Huang, George T.-J.,Zhang, Xinli Korean Academy of Oral Biology and the UCLA Dental 1999 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.24 No.1
The neutrophil chemoattractant interleukin-8 (IL-8) and the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) may play important roles in recruiting and retaining neutrophils in gingival epithelium during infection and inflammation. To locate the in situ expression of these two molecules in gingival epithelium, immunohistochemical staining with specific antibodies was performed on human gingival samples. The results revealed a distinct distribution and level of immunoreactivities with either anti-IL-8 or anti-ICAM-1 antibodies in gingival epithelium. IL-8 expression was constitutive in gingival epithelium, including jumctional and sulcular epithelia, with higher levels in the basal and prickle cell layers. ICAM-1 was only observed in the sulcular and junctional epithelia, with stronger staining in the outer layers (facing the tooth surface). These data suggest that constitutive expression of IL-8 in gingival epithelium may perform some as yet unidentified function other than to attract neutrohpils, and that the concentration gradient formed by ICAM-1 with higher levels towards the outer layers, may facilitate the transmigration of leukocytes through junctional and sulcular epithelia into the gingival sulcus.
Constitutive Expression of Interleukin-8 and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in Human Dental Pulps
Huang, George T.-J.,Nadia Chugal,Potente, Anthony P.,Zhang, Xinli Korean Academy of Oral Biology and the UCLA Dental 1999 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.24 No.4
The purpose of this study was to analyze ezpression of the chemokine, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and the adbesion molecule, intercellualr adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), in normal and diseased human dental pulp using immunohistochemistry. These two molecules are involved in initiating and maintaining tissue inflammation in response to external insults. Experimental samples consisted of dental pulf from freshly extracted caries-free third molars (normal pulp) and pulps with clinically diagnosed irreversible pulpitis (diseased pulp). In normal pulpal specimens. IL-8 was constitutively expressed by odontoblasts, whereas ICAM-1 was expressed by endothelial cells. In diseased pulps, odontoblasts, endothelial cells, lymphocytes, and macro-phages exhibited IL-8 immunoreactivity; ICAM-1 was detected in endothelial cells and lymphocytes. These findings suggest that odontoblasts may be involved in initating local inflammation subjacent to carious dentin via IL-8 expression. The constitutive expression of ICAM-1 by endothelial cells suggest that ICAM-1 is not the key adhesion molecule that regulates the influx of immune cells from blood into pulpal tissue.
Plastification procedure of laterally-loaded steel bars under a rising temperature
Huang, Zhan-Fei,Tan, Kang-Hai,England, George L. Techno-Press 2010 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.35 No.6
This paper investigates the structural responses of axially restrained steel beams under fire conditions by a nonlinear finite element method. The axial restraint is represented by a linear elastic spring. Different parameters which include beam slenderness ratio, external load level and axial restraint ratio are investigated. The process of forming a mid-span plastic hinge at the mid-span under a rising temperature is studied. In line with forming a fully plastic hinge at mid-span, the response of a restrained beam under rising temperature can be divided into three stages, viz. no plastic hinge, hinge forming and rotating, and catenary action stage. During catenary action stage, the axial restraint pulls the heated beam and prevents it from failing. This study introduces definitions of beam limiting temperature $T_{lim}$, catenary temperature $T_{ctn}$ and warning time $t_{wn}$. Influences of slenderness ratio, load level and axial restraint ratio on $T_{lim}$, $T_{ctn}$ and $t_{wn}$ are examined.
Huang, Xing,Liu, Zhongqiang,Millet, Marie-Mathilde,Dong, Jichen,Plodine, Milivoj,Ding, Feng,Schlö,gl, Robert,Willinger, Marc-Georg American Chemical Society 2018 ACS NANO Vol.12 No.7
<P>The properties of nanocrystals are highly dependent on their morphology, composition, and structure. Tailored synthesis over these parameters is successfully applied for the production of nanocrystals with desired properties for specific applications. However, in order to obtain full control over the properties, the behavior of nanocrystals under external stimuli and application conditions needs to be understood. Herein, using Ag-NiP<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> nanocrystals as a model system, we investigate the structural evolution upon thermal treatment by <I>in situ</I> aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy. A combination of real-time imaging with elemental analysis enables the observation of the transformation from a Ag-NiP<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> core-shell configuration to a Janus structure at the atomic scale. The transformation occurs through dewetting and crystallization of the NiP<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> shell and is accompanied by surface segregation of Ag. Further temperature increase leads to a complete sublimation of Ag and formation of individual Ni<SUB>12</SUB>P<SUB>5</SUB> nanocrystals. The transformation is rationalized by theoretical modeling based on density functional theory calculations. Our model suggests that the transformation is driven by changes of the surface energy of NiP<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> and the interfacial energy between NiP<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> and Ag. The direct observation of atomistic dynamics during thermal-treatment-induced structural modification will help to understand more complex transformations that are induced by aging over time or the interaction with a reactive gas phase in applications such as catalysis.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Final report on international comparison APMP.QM-S4: Carbon dioxide in nitrogen at 2000 µmol/mol
Rhoderick, George,Kim, Yong Doo,Kim, Kwang Seob,Lee, Sangil,Oh, Sang Hyub,Lin, Tsai-Yin,Cheng, Jui-Hsiang,Huang, Chiung-Kun Springer-Verlag 2014 METROLOGIA -BERLIN- Vol.51 No.-
<P>This report presents the results of APMP.QM-S4, a supplementary comparison. This comparison is designed to test the capabilities of the NMIs to measure and certify carbon dioxide at a nominal amount fraction of 2000 µmol/mol in nitrogen. The previous key comparisons regarding carbon dioxide, CCQM-K1.b and CCQM-K52, had been done at a lower range than that in this comparison. This comparison gives an opportunity to the NMIs to submit supporting evidence for CMC at a higher range.</P><P>Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.</P><P>The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).</P>
Plastification procedure of laterally-loaded steel bars under a rising temperature
Zhan-fei Huang,Kang-hai Tan,George L. England 국제구조공학회 2010 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.35 No.6
This paper investigates the structural responses of axially restrained steel beams under fire conditions by a nonlinear finite element method. The axial restraint is represented by a linear elastic spring. Different parameters which include beam slenderness ratio, external load level and axial restraint ratio are investigated. The process of forming a mid-span plastic hinge at the mid-span under a rising temperature is studied. In line with forming a fully plastic hinge at mid-span, the response of a restrained beam under rising temperature can be divided into three stages, viz. no plastic hinge, hinge forming and rotating, and catenary action stage. During catenary action stage, the axial restraint pulls the heated beam and prevents it from failing. This study introduces definitions of beam limiting temperature Tlim, catenary temperature Tctn and warning time twn. Influences of slenderness ratio, load level and axial restraint ratio on Tlim, Tctn and twn are examined.