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Saranya Ganapathy,Megha N. Parajulee,Michael San Francisco,Hong Zhang,Shan L. Bilimoria 한국식물생명공학회 2021 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.15 No.1
Insect pests are a serious threat to agricultural productivity. Genetically-modifed crops ofer a promising alternative, and Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin genes have played a major role in this respect. However, to overcome insect tolerance issues and to broaden the target range, it is critical to identify alternative insecticidal toxins working through novel mechanisms. In our previous study, a kinase from Chilo iridescent virus (CIV) that has insecticidal activity was identifed and designated as Iridovirus Serine/Threonine Kinase (ISTK). A 35 kDa truncated form of ISTK, designated iridoptin, was obtained during expression and purifcation of ISTK in the yeast system. This yeast-expressed CIV toxin induced 50% mortality in cotton aphids and 100% mortality in green peach aphids (GPA). In this study, codon optimized ISTK gene and iridoptin fragment (designated oISTK and oIRI, respectively) were designed by altering the codon usage features that are seldom present in plant exons. Codon-optimized gene(s) cloned into plant expression vectors were used to stably transform Arabidopsis plants. PCR analysis of genomic DNA of transformed plants confrmed the presence of the DNA insert (oISTK/oIRI) in selected transgenic lines. Further screening was performed by selecting the PCR positive lines, which showed expression of respective toxins at the polypeptide level, using Western blot analyses. Codon-optimized gene constructs resulted in signifcant improvement in levels of expression of ISTK and iridoptin polypeptide and confrmed its stability in planta. The stable lines expressing either of the two toxin forms induced moderate to very high mortality in GPAs and signifcantly afected GPA development and fecundity.
Ganapathy, Jagadeesan,Damodharan, Kannan,Manickam, Bakthadoss,Sanmargam, Aravindhan The Basic Science Institute Chosun University 2013 조선자연과학논문집 Vol.6 No.4
The crystal structure of the potential active 4,6-dimethyl-9-phenyl-8,12-dioxa-4,6-diazatetracyclo [8.8.0.02,7.013,18] octadeca-2(7),13,15,17-tetraene-3,5,11-trione 2-ethoxyphenyl (2E)-but-2-enoate ($C_{22}H_{18}N_2O_5$) has been determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. In the title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group $P_12_1/c_1$ with unit cell dimension a=15.2039(8), b=12.3888(6) and c= 9.8162(5) [alpha & $gamma=90^{\circ}$ beta=98.113(2)]. In the structure fused pyrone and pyran rings each adopt a sofa/envelop conformation. The crystal structure is stabilized by intramolecular C-H... O hydrogen bond interaction.
Ganapathy, V.,Kong, E. H.,Park, Y. C.,Jang, H.,Rhee, S. W. Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Nanoscale Vol.6 No.6
Cauliflower-like tin oxide (SnO2) hollow microspheres (HMS) sensitized with multilayer quantum dots (QDs) as photoanode and alternative stable, low-cost counter electrode are employed for the first time in QD-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs). Cauliflower-like SnO2 hollow spheres mainly consist of 50 nm-sized agglomerated nanoparticles; they possess a high internal surface area and light scattering in between the microspheres and shell layers. This makes them promising photoanode material for both QDSCs and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method and chemical bath deposition (CBD) are used for QD-sensitizing the SnO2 microspheres. Additionally, carbon-nanofiber (CNF) with a unique structure is used as an alternative counter electrode (CE) and compared with the standard platinum (Pt) CE. Their electrocatalytic properties are measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and Tafel-polarization. Under 1 sun illumination, solar cells made with hollow SnO2 photoanode sandwiched with the stable CNF CE showed a power conversion efficiency of 2.5% in QDSCs and 3.0% for DSCs, which is quite promising with the standard Pt CE (QDSCs: 2.1%, and DSCs: 3.6%).
Crystal Structure Analysis of Methyl-3-phenyl-3H-chromeno[4,3-c]isoxazole-3a(4H)-carboxylate
Ganapathy, Jagadeesan,Srinivasan, J.,Manickam, Bakthadoss The Basic Science Institute Chosun University 2015 조선자연과학논문집 Vol.8 No.3
The crystal structure of the potential active methyl-3-phenyl-3H-chromeno[4,3-c]isoxazole-3a(4H)-carboxylate ($C_{18}H_{15}NO_4$) has been determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. In the title compound crystallizes in the orthorombic space group $P2_12_12_1$ with unit cell dimension $a=9.8320(17){\AA}$, $b=9.9890(18){\AA}$ and $c=15.588(3){\AA}$ [${\alpha}=90^{\circ}$, ${\beta}=90^{\circ}$ and ${\gamma}=90^{\circ}$]. In the structure chromene, isoxazole and carboxylate are almost coplanar each other. All geometrical parameters revelled that chromene ring of pyran ring adopt sofa conformation. The crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular C-H...O and C-H...N hydrogen bond interaction.
Ganapathy, Jagadeesan,Sivakumar, G.,Manickam, Bakthadoss,Sanmargam, Aravindhan The Basic Science Institute Chosun University 2015 조선자연과학논문집 Vol.8 No.1
In view of the growing medicinal importance of chromene and its derivatives, the single crystal X-ray diffraction study was carried out for the potential active 4,6-dimethyl-9-phenyl-8,12-dioxa-4,6-diazatetracyclo [8.8.0.02,7.013,18]octadeca-2(7),13,15,17-tetraene-3,5,11-trione-2-ethoxyphenyl (2E)-but-2-enoate ($C_{18}H_{20}N_2O_5$). In the title compound are two molecules exist in the asymmetric unit. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group $P2_1/c$ with unit cell dimension a=14.608(3) ${\AA}$, b=12.845(3) and c= 17.781(4) [alpha & gamma=$90^{\circ}$ beta=$91.233(5)^{\circ}$]. Both pyran and pyran ring of the chromene moiety adopts sofa conformation in the molecule A & B. The crystal structure is stabilized by intramolecular C-H...O hydrogen bond interaction.
Ganapathy, S.,Velusami, S. The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2009 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.4 No.4
This paper deals with the design of decentralized controller for load-frequency control of interconnected power systems with superconducting magnetic energy storage units and Governor Dead Band Nonlinearity using Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm. The superconducting magnetic energy storage unit exhibits favourable damping effects by suppressing the frequency oscillations as well as stabilizing the inter-area oscillations effectively. The proposed control strategy is mainly based on a compromise between Integral Squared Error and Maximum Stability Margin criteria. Analysis on a two-area interconnected thermal power system reveals that the proposed controller improves the dynamic performance of the system and guarantees good closed-loop stability even in the presence of nonlinearities and with parameter changes.
Ganapathy, Jagadeesan,Pramesh, M.,Perumal, P.T.,Sanmargam, Aravindhan The Basic Science Institute Chosun University 2015 조선자연과학논문집 Vol.8 No.3
In view of the growing medicinal importance of pyrazole and its derivatives, the single crystal X-ray diffraction study was carried out for the potential active 2-Benzyl-3-[3-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4yl]-4,6-dioxo-5-phenyl-octahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-C]pyrrole-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester ($C_{37}H_{31}BrN_4O_4$, H2O). In the title compound are two molecules exist in the asymmetric unit. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group $P{\hat{i}}$ with unit cell dimension $a=13.361(18){\AA}$, $b=13.424(17){\AA}$ and $c=21.649(2){\AA}$ [${\alpha}=80.745(9)^{\circ}$, ${\beta}=79.770(10)^{\circ}$ and ${\gamma}=60.788(6)^{\circ}$]. The pyrazole ring adopts planar conformation. The sum of the bond angles at nitrogen atom of the pyrazole ring indicates the $Sp^2$ hybridized state. The crystal structure is stabilized by intramolecular C-H...O hydrogen bond interaction.
Ganapathy, Jagadeesan,Damodharan, Kannan,Manickam, Bakthadoss,Sanmargam, Aravindhan The Basic Science Institute Chosun University 2014 조선자연과학논문집 Vol.7 No.3
The crystal structure of the title compounds with both coumarin and sulfonamide moieties were examined. These two groups have very special for their pharmaceutical and medicinal properties have been determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. In the title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group $P2_1/c$ with unit cell dimension a=$8.5775(4){{\AA}$, b=$24.9943(13){\AA}$ and c=$13.7319(7){\AA}$ [alpha & gamma=$90^{\circ}$ beta=$103.558(2)^{\circ}$]. In the structure The S1 atom shows a distorted tetrahedral geometry, with O1-S1-O2 [$121.08(1)^{\circ}$] and N1-S1-C5 [$105.85(1)^{\circ}$] angles deviating from ideal tetrahedral values are attributed to the Thrope-Ingold effect. The sum of bond angles around N1 ($354.9^{\circ}$) indicates that N1 is in $sp^2$ hybridization. The Pyridine ring adopts boat conformation and pyran rings adopt a sofa conformation. Crystal structure is stabilized by C-H...O intra molecular hydrogen bond interactions.