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Jagadeesan Ganapathy, M. Pramesh, P. T. Perumal, Aravindhan Sanmargam 조선대학교 기초과학연구원 2015 조선자연과학논문집 Vol.8 No.3
In view of the growing medicinal importance of pyrazole and its derivatives, the single crystal X-ray diffraction study was carried out for the potential active 2-Benzyl-3-[3-(4-bromo-phenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4yl]-4,6- dioxo-5-phenyloctahydro- pyrrolo[3,4-C]pyrrole-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (C37H31BrN4O4, H2O). In the title compound are two molecules exist in the asymmetric unit. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group Pî with unit cell dimension a=13.361 (18) Å, b=13.424 (17) Å and c=21.649 (2) Å [α=80.745 (9)o, β=79.770 (10)o and γ=60.788 (6)o]. The pyrazole ring adopts planar conformation. The sum of the bond angles at nitrogen atom of the pyrazole ring indicates the Sp2 hybridized state. The crystal structure is stabilized by intramolecular C-H...O hydrogen bond interaction.
A. Rama Chandra Murthy,S. Chitra Ganapathi,Nagesh R. Iyer,N. Lakshmanan,N.G. Bhagavan 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2012 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.10 No.1
This paper presents the details of studies conducted on hollow concrete block masonry (HCBM) units and wall panels. This study includes, compressive strength of unit block, ungrouted and grouted HCB prisms, flexural strength evaluation, testing of HCBM panels with and without opening. Non-linear finite element (FE) analysis of HCBM panels with and without opening has been carried out by simulating the actual test conditions. Constant vertical load is applied on the top of the wall panel and then lateral load is applied in incremental manner. The in-plane deformation is recorded under each incremental lateral load. Displacement ductility factors and response reduction factors have been evaluated based on experimental results. From the study, it is observed that fully grouted and partially reinforced HCBM panel without opening performed well compared to other types of wall panels in lateral load resistance and displacement ductility. In all the wall panels, shear cracks originated at loading point and moved towards the compression toe of the wall. The force reduction factor of a wall panel with opening is much less when compared with fully reinforced wall panel with no opening. The displacement values obtained by non-linear FE analysis are found to be in good agreement with the corresponding experimental values. The influence of mortar joint has been included in the stress-strain behaviour as a monolith with HCBM and not considered separately. The derived response reduction factors will be useful for the design of reinforced HCBM wall panels subjected to lateral forces generated due to earthquakes.
Numerical simulation of an external prestressing technique for prestressed concrete end block
A. Rama Chandra Murthy,S. Chitra Ganapathi,S. Saibabu,N. Lakshmanan,R. Jayaraman,R. Senthil 국제구조공학회 2009 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.33 No.5
This paper presents the details of finite element (FE) modeling and analysis of an external prestressing technique to strengthen a prestressed concrete (PSC) end block. Various methods of external prestressing techniques have been discussed. In the proposed technique, transfer of external force is in shear mode on the end block creating a complex stress distribution. The proposed technique is useful when the ends of the PSC girders are not accessible. Finite element modeling issues have been outlined. Brief description about material nonlinearity including key aspects in modeling inelastic behaviour has been provided. Finite element (FE) modeling including material, loading has been explained in depth. FE analysis for linear and nonlinear static analysis has been conducted for varying external loadings. Various responses such as out-of-plane deformation and slip have been computed and compared with the corresponding experimental observations. From the study, it has been observed that the computed slope and slip of the steel bracket under external loading is in good agreement with the corresponding experimental observations.
Numerical simulation of an external prestressing technique for prestressed concrete end block
Murthy, A. Rama Chandra,Ganapathi, S. Chitra,Saibabu, S.,Lakshmanan, N.,Jayaraman, R.,Senthil, R. Techno-Press 2009 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.33 No.5
This paper presents the details of finite element (FE) modeling and analysis of an external prestressing technique to strengthen a prestressed concrete (PSC) end block. Various methods of external prestressing techniques have been discussed. In the proposed technique, transfer of external force is in shear mode on the end block creating a complex stress distribution. The proposed technique is useful when the ends of the PSC girders are not accessible. Finite element modeling issues have been outlined. Brief description about material nonlinearity including key aspects in modeling inelastic behaviour has been provided. Finite element (FE) modeling including material, loading has been explained in depth. FE analysis for linear and nonlinear static analysis has been conducted for varying external loadings. Various responses such as out-of-plane deformation and slip have been computed and compared with the corresponding experimental observations. From the study, it has been observed that the computed slope and slip of the steel bracket under external loading is in good agreement with the corresponding experimental observations.
Vasudevan A.,Selvaraj N.,Ganapathi A.,Anbazhagan V. Ramesh,Choi, C.W. The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2006 식물생명공학회지 Vol.33 No.4
Effects of ethylene inhibitors like silver nitrate $(AgNO_3)$, cobalt chloride $(CoCl_2)$ and Salicylic acid (SA) on multiple shoot induction and their impact on ethylene production using embryonal cotyledon cultures of Cucumis sativus L. were examined. The optimum concentration of $AgNO_3\;(40{\mu}M),\;CoCl_2\;(20{\mu}M)\;and\;SA\;(20{\mu}M)$, separately, induced maximum number of shoots on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented optimally with $4.44{\mu}M$ BA and $0.25{\mu}M$ NAA. Among the three ethylene inhibitors tested, $AgNO_3$ produced maximum number of shoots when compared to $CoCl_2$ and SA Ethylene production was monitored in all the treatments with $AgNO_3/CoCl_2/SA$ and it was observed that the treatment with $AgNO_3$ alone showed increase in ethylene production when compared to $CoCl_2$ and SA Even though ethylene concentration was the highest in $AgNO_3$ treated explants, maximum number of shoots was obtained.
Anthonysamy, A.,Lee, Y.,Karunagaran, B.,Ganapathy, V.,Rhee, S.-W.,Karthikeyan, S.,Kim, K. S.,Ko, M. J.,Park, N.-G.,Ju, M.-J.,Kim, J. K. Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.21 No.33
<P>We synthesized hydrophobic ruthenium(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) sensitizers (SY-04 and SY-05) with high molar extinction coefficient by extending the π-conjugation of 3,4- or 3-alkylthiophene-substituted bipyridine ligands. Both dyes displayed a remarkably high molar extinction coefficient of 21.7 × 10<SUP>3</SUP> M<SUP>−1</SUP> cm<SUP>−1</SUP> arising from red-shift of their metal-to-ligand charge transfer band when compared to a commonly used N3 sensitizer. The solar-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency (<I>η</I>) of the SY-04 based dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) was 7.70%, which is 27% higher than that (6.05%) of the N3-based DSC under the same cell fabrication conditions. The increased <I>η</I> was attributed to the increase in life time and recombination half-life measured by electrochemical impedance and transition absorption spectroscopy, respectively. Density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory calculations of two dyes in both gas phase and solution were performed. The calculated values of the highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals and absorption spectra are in good agreement with the experimental results.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>DSCs based on hydrophobic ruthenium(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) sensitizers with thiophene-substituted bipyridine ligands showed the solar-to-electrical energy conversion of 7.70%, which is 27% higher than that of N3-based DSC at the same fabrication condition. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c1jm11760b'> </P>
Sureshkumar P.,Selvaraj N.,Ganapathi A.,Kasthurirengan S.,Vasudevan A.,Anbazhagan V. Ramesh The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2005 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.7 No.4
Five day old cotyledon explants of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) cv Poinsett 76 were cocultivated with two Agrobacterium strains (EHA105 and LBA 4404) each carrying GUS as the reporter gene and npt-II as the selection marker gene in the T-DNA region of the vector. Transformed shoots were selected at 150 mg/L kanamycin. A two day cocultivation coupled with $20\;{\mu}M$ acetosyringone increased the frequency (8.2 and 15.4 shoots) of GUS expression in the shoots of transformed plant. Among the two Agrobacterium strains, EHA 105 performed better than LBA 4404 in bringing two-fold increase in transformation efficiency (14%) than LBA 4404 (7.4%). PCR analysis was done to confirm the integration of T-DNA into cucumber genome.
N. Lakshmanan,S. Saibabu,A. Rama Chandra Murthy,S. Chitra Ganapathi,R. Jayaraman,R. Senthil 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2009 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.6 No.1
This paper presents the details of a novel external prestressing technique for strengthening of concrete members. In the proposed technique, transfer of external force is in shear mode on the end block thus creating a complex stress distribution and the required transverse prestressing force is lesser compared to conventional techniques. Steel brackets are provided on either side of the end block for transferring external prestressing force and these are connected to the anchor blocks by expansion type anchor bolts. In order to validate the technique, an experimental investigation has been carried out on post-tensioned end blocks. Performance of the end blocks have been studied for design, cracking and ultimate loads. Slip and slope of steel bracket have been recorded at various stages during the experiment. Finite element analysis has been carried out by simulating the test conditions and the responses have been compared. From the analysis, it has been observed that the computed slope and slip of the steel bracket are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental observations. A simplified analytical model has been proposed to compute load-deformation of the loaded steel bracket with respect to the end block. Yield and ultimate loads have been arrived at based on force/moment equilibrium equations at critical sections. Deformation analysis has been carried out based on the assumption that the ratio of axial deformation to vertical deformation of anchor bolt would follow the same ratio at the corresponding forces such as yield and ultimate. It is observed that the computed forces, slip and slopes are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental observations.
Plant Platforms for Efficient Heterologous Protein Production
Siddhesh B. Ghag,Vinayak S. Adki,Thumballi R. Ganapathi,Vishwas A. Bapat 한국생물공학회 2021 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.26 No.4
Production of recombinant proteins is primarily established in cultures of mammalian, insect and bacterial cells. Concurrently, concept of using plants to produce high-value pharmaceuticals such as vaccines, antibodies, and dietary proteins have received worldwide attention. Newer technologies for plant transformation such as plastid engineering, agroinfiltration, magnifection, and deconstructed viral vectors have been used to enhance the protein production in plants along with the inherent advantage of speed, scale, and cost of production in plant systems. Production of therapeutic proteins in plants has now a more pragmatic approach when several plant-produced vaccines and antibodies successfully completed Phase I clinical trials in humans and were further scheduled for regulatory approvals to manufacture clinical grade products on a large scale which are safe, efficacious, and meet the quality standards. The main thrust of this review is to summarize the data accumulated over the last two decades and recent development and achievements of the plant derived therapeutics. It also attempts to discuss different strategies employed to increase the production so as to make plants more competitive with the established production systems in this industry.