Decompositions and the Complex Contact Structures of Sl(2,C)

Brendan Foreman 경북대학교 자연과학대학 수학과 2002 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.42 No.2

We discuss some of the algebraic and geometric aspects of Sl(2,C) using its 2-to-1 relationship with the Moebius transformations, the isometries of hyperbolic 3-space which preserve orientation. We also classify all of the 2-dimensional subspaces of sl(2,c) as the Lie algebra of the space of Moebius transformations.

Attitudes of Learners, NESTs, & Korean NNESTs toward Teaching English in English (TEE) in Korea

WaIter Foreman,Chan-Kyoo Min 한국영어어문교육학회 2010 영어어문교육 Vol.16 No.2

This paper analyzes the attitudes of primaIy school and secondary school Korean non-native English-speaking teachers (K-NNESTs), native English-speaking teachers (NEST ), and Korean learners of English toward the Korean government's Teaching English in English (TEE) policy. Specificall ,thi paper seeks to find which type of instruction is most preferred among all respondents. In addition, this paper seeks to ascertain what obstacles impede the use of English as the language of instruction in English classrooms in Korea and to make recommendations as to how to overcome these obstacles. A total of 139 teachers and 705 learners responded to a paper-based questionnaire concerning their attitudes toward TEE and any difficulties they encountered in its use. Team teaching between K- NNEST and NE Ts was reported by all three groups of respondents to be the most preferred method of English instruction in Korea. From the teachers' perspective, the language barrier was reported to be the biggest obstacle, however nearly 80% of learners self-reported that they understood at least 50% and up to 100% of English lessons given in English. This finding prompted the conclusion that language alone cannot be the largest obstacle toward TEE in Korea; therefore, training both K-NNESTs and NESTs in effective team-teaching techniques is required. In addition, the students themselves must be trained or at least briefed on what is expected of them in team-taught classrooms.

Attitudes of Learners, NESTs, & Korean NNESTs toward Teaching English in English (TEE) in Korea

Walter Foreman,민찬규 한국영어어문교육학회 2010 영어어문교육 Vol.16 No.2

This paper analyzes the attitudes of primary school and secondary school Korean non-native English-speaking teachers (K-NNESTs), native English-speaking teachers (NESTs), and Korean learners of English toward the Korean government’s Teaching English in English (TEE) policy. Specifically, this paper seeks to find which type of instruction is most preferred among all respondents. In addition, this paper seeks to ascertain what obstacles impede the use of English as the language of instruction in English classrooms in Korea and to make recommendations as to how to overcome these obstacles. A total of 139 teachers and 705 learners responded to a paper-based questionnaire concerning their attitudes toward TEE and any difficulties they encountered in its use. Team teaching between K-NNESTs and NESTs was reported by all three groups of respondents to be the most preferred method of English instruction in Korea. From the teachers’ perspective, the language barrier was reported to be the biggest obstacle, however nearly 80% of learners self-reported that they understood at least 50% and up to 100% of English lessons given in English. This finding prompted the conclusion that language alone cannot be the largest obstacle toward TEE in Korea; therefore, training both K-NNESTs and NESTs in effective team-teaching techniques is required. In addition, the students themselves must be trained or at least briefed on what is expected of them in team-taught classrooms.

Effects of an educational game with a situated learning strategy on Korean students` English writing abilities

Walter Foreman,Soojeong Lee,Myeongseok Ko,Sangchul Bae,Sanghoon Han 한국산학기술학회 2012 SmartCR Vol.2 No.5

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an educational game with a situated learning strategy on the writing abilities of Korean elementary school students. With regard to writing abilities, this study focuses on the accuracy and fluency of English writing. Two research questions in this study are as follows: 1) Is there a significant difference in the English writing accuracy between an educational game group with a situated learning strategy and one without it? 2) Is there a significant difference in the English writing fluency between an educational game group with a situated learning strategy and one without it? This study used quantitative methods to evaluate the use of situated and non-situated learning strategies with an educational game. The research findings are as follows: First, there was no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the English writing accuracy test. Second, there was a statistically significant difference between the experimental and the control groups in the English writing fluency test. In sum, when an educational game is more situated, it can increase English writing fluency in elementary English writing. Thus, an educational game in elementary English with a situated learning strategy offers benefits for the growth of English writing fluency.

<i>In Situ</i> metabolic analysis of single plant cells by capillary microsampling and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with ion mobility separation

Zhang, Linwen,Foreman, Daniel P.,Grant, Paaqua A.,Shrestha, Bindesh,Moody, Sally A.,Villiers, Florent,Kwak, June M.,Vertes, Akos The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 The Analyst Vol.139 No.20

<P>Advances in single cell analysis techniques have demonstrated cell-to-cell variability in both homogeneous and heterogeneous cell populations strengthening our understanding of multicellular organisms and individual cell behaviour. However, additional tools are needed for non-targeted metabolic analysis of live single cells in their native environment. Here, we combine capillary microsampling with electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) and ion mobility separation (IMS) for the analysis of various single <I>A. thaliana</I> epidermal cell types, including pavement and basal cells, and trichomes. To achieve microsampling of different cell types with distinct morphology, custom-tailored microcapillaries were used to extract the cell contents. To eliminate the isobaric interferences and enhance the ion coverage in single cell analysis, a rapid separation technique, IMS, was introduced that retained ions based on their collision cross sections. For each cell type, the extracted cell material was directly electrosprayed resulting in ∼200 peaks in ESI-MS and ∼400 different ions in ESI-IMS-MS, the latter representing a significantly enhanced coverage. Based on their accurate masses and tandem MS, 23 metabolites and lipids were tentatively identified. Our results indicated that profound metabolic differences existed between the trichome and the other two cell types but differences between pavement and basal cells were hard to discern. The spectra indicated that in all three <I>A. thaliana</I> cell types the phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway had high coverage. In addition, metabolites from the subpathway, sinapic acid ester biosynthesis, were more abundant in single pavement and basal cells, whereas compounds from the kaempferol glycoside biosynthesis pathway were present at significantly higher level in trichomes. Our results demonstrate that capillary microsampling coupled with ESI-IMS-MS captures metabolic differences between <I>A. thaliana</I> epidermal cell types, paving the way for the non-targeted analysis of single plant cells and subcellular compartments.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Capillary microsampling combined with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is demonstrated for the metabolic analysis of single <I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I> epidermal cells. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4an01018c'> </P>

18.6-year lunar nodal tides from altimeter data

Cherniawsky, J.Y.,Foreman, M.G.G.,Kuh Kang, S.,Scharroo, R.,Eert, A.J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2010 Continental shelf research Vol.30 No.6

Harmonic analyses of 16-year long time series of collocated TOPEX, Poseidon and Jason-1 altimeter data were carried out in the Pacific and western Atlantic Oceans and their marginal seas. These time series are sufficiently long to adequately separate the 18.6-year nodal satellites Q<SUB>1n</SUB> O<SUB>1n</SUB> K<SUB>1n</SUB> M<SUB>2n</SUB>and K<SUB>2n</SUB>from their parent constituents Q<SUB>1</SUB> O<SUB>1</SUB> K<SUB>1</SUB> M<SUB>2</SUB>and K<SUB>2</SUB> Editing criteria were used to eliminate results in areas where these satellites are weak (i.e., smaller than their formal error estimates), or where they are strongly affected by aliased low-frequency signals (e.g. in the Kuroshio, in the Gulfstream and in their extension regions). As expected from tidal theory, the phases of the altimetry-derived nodal satellites agree reasonably well with the phases of their parents. However, due to their relatively small amplitudes and the remaining influence from low-frequency aliased signals, the altimeter observed amplitude ratios between the nodal satellites and their parent constituents tend to exceed the values predicted by the theory. Examination of diurnal and semidiurnal nodal amplitudes in select coastal areas and marginal seas around the Pacific and the western Atlantic Ocean allowed the assignment of a nodal character to regions, which were each classified as nodal diurnal, nodal semidiurnal, or nodal mixed, based on the nodal amplitudes in each band. While the areas with predominant diurnal tides are all nodal diurnal, the small nodal ratio of 0.037 for M<SUB>2n</SUB>resulted in some regions with strong M<SUB>2</SUB>tides being classified as nodal diurnal or nodal mixed. The amplitude ratio between K<SUB>2n</SUB>and K<SUB>2</SUB>is 0.30, making the K<SUB>2n</SUB>amplitudes sometimes comparable to those of M<SUB>2n</SUB> However, this effect was not sufficient to make all the areas with dominant M<SUB>2</SUB>to be dominant nodal semidiurnal. The observed amplitudes of the 18.6-year nodal constituent M<SUB>n</SUB>are relatively small, 1.5-3.5cm. These values significantly exceed its theoretical amplitudes, which are less than 1cm almost everywhere. The analysed signals at M<SUB>n</SUB>frequency are therefore of mostly non-tidal origin, part of the broad-band decadal ocean variability.

Generalized periodic discharges with triphasic morphology

J. Andrew Hartshorn,Brandon Foreman 대한신경집중치료학회 2019 대한신경집중치료학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Generalized periodic discharges (GPDs) with triphasic morphology are an electroencephalographic (EEG) pattern traditionally associated with encephalopathy and coma, although they have been observed in a wide array of neurological disorders. The clinical significance of these waveforms and their relationship to seizures and prognosis has been debated, and differentiation between interictal patterns, patterns associated with seizures, and patterns representing nonconvulsive status epilepticus can at times be a challenge. The most established literature suggests that GPDs, including those with triphasic morphology, are associated with the development of electrographic seizures, but that in the absence of clinical information, distinguishing waveforms based on morphology alone may not be clinically useful. Recent work has advocated for a more proactive approach in evaluating GPDs with triphasic morphology. Further studies of nonsedating antiseizure drugs in patients with GPDs with triphasic morphology that incorporate continuous EEG monitoring will be useful in tailoring therapy to optimize long-term clinical outcomes and recovery.

Three-Dimensional Finite Element Modeling for the Yellow Sea-Initial Approach : Initial approach

서승원,M. G. G. Foreman 한국해안해양공학회 1996 학술강연회 발표논문초록집 Vol.1 No.1

In order to understand the tidal hydrodynamics of the Yellow Sea and parts of the East China Sea, we have developed a three-dimensional, fine resolution, nonlinear, harmonic finite element model. Major four tidal constituents, M₂, S₂, K₁and 0₁are used as forcing along the open boundary. Due to the shallowness of the region, tidal results are strongly affected by the bottom roughness coefficients, especially for the quadratic form. Overall tendencies agree fairly well with previous numerical computations with a two-dimensional finite difference model, except in the Bohai Bay region where the M₂ amplitudes are a little low. However the phases have good agreement with five amphidrome locations. Continuing study will give a better understanding of the tidal physics for the Yellow Sea than with other coarse finite difference models.

Spatial variability in annual sea level variations around the Korean peninsula

Kang, Sok Kuh,Cherniawsky, Josef Y.,Foreman, Michael G. G.,So, Jae-Kwi,Lee, Sang Ryong American Geophysical Union 2008 Geophysical research letters Vol.35 No.3

Ameliorating Effects of Electroacupuncture on Dysmotility, Inflammation, and Pain Mediated via the Autonomic Mechanism in a Rat Model of Postoperative Ileus

Haruaki Murakami,Shiying Li,Robert Foreman,Jieyun Yin,Jiande D Z Chen 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2019 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.25 No.2

Background/Aims Postoperative ileus increases healthcare costs and reduces the postoperative quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study is to investigate effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) at ST36 and PC6 on gastrointestinal motility in rat model of postoperative ileus. Methods Laparotomy was performed in 24 rats (control [n = 8], sham-EA [n = 8], and EA [n = 8]) for the implantation of electrodes in the stomach and mid-jejunum for recording of gastric and small intestinal slow waves. Electrodes were placed in the chest skin for electrocardiogram (ECG). Intestinal manipulation (IM) was performed in Sham-EA and EA rats after surgical procedures. Small intestinal transit (SIT), gastric emptying (GE), postoperative pain, and plasma TNF-α were evaluated in all rats. Results (1) Compared with sham-EA, EA accelerated both SIT (P < 0.05) and GE (P < 0.05) and improved regularity of small intestinal slow waves. (2) Compared with the control rats (no IM), IM suppressed vagal activity and increased sympathovagal ratio assessed by the spectral analysis of heart rate variability from ECG, which were significantly prevented by EA. (3) EA significantly reduced pain score at 120 minutes (P < 0.05, vs 15 minutes) after the surgery, which was not seen with sham-EA. (4) Plasma TNF-α was increased by IM (P = 0.02) but suppressed by EA (P = 0.04) but not sham-EA. Conclusion The postoperative ileus induced by IM, EA at ST36 and PC6 exerts a prokinetic effect on SIT and GE, a regulatory effect on small intestinal slow waves and an analgesic effect on postoperative pain possibly mediated via the autonomic-cytokine mechanisms.