GP3 is a structural component of the PRRSV type II (US) virion

de Lima, M.,Ansari, I.H.,Das, P.B.,Ku, B.J.,Martinez-Lobo, F.J.,Pattnaik, A.K.,Osorio, F.A. Academic Press 2009 Virology Vol.390 No.1

Glycoprotein 3 (GP3) is a highly glycosylated PRRSV envelope protein which has been reported as being present in the virions of PRRSV type I, while missing in the type II PRRSV (US) virions. We herein present evidence that GP3 is indeed incorporated in the virus particles of a North American strain of PRRSV (FL12), at a density that is consistent with the minor structural role assigned to GP3 in members of the Arterivirus genus. Two 15aa peptides corresponding to two different immunodominant linear epitopes of GP3 derived from the North American strain of PRRSV (FL12) were used as antigen to generate a rabbit monospecific antiserum to this protein. The specificity of this anti-GP3 antiserum was confirmed by radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) assay using BHK-21 cells transfected with GP3 expressing plasmid, MARC-145 cells infected with FL12 PRRSV, as well as by confocal microscopy on PRRSV-infected MARC-145 cells. To test if GP3 is a structural component of the virion, <SUP>35</SUP>S-labelled PRRSV virions were pelleted through a 30% sucrose cushion, followed by a second round of purification on a sucrose gradient (20-60%). Virions were detected in specific gradient fractions by radioactive counts and further confirmed by viral infectivity assay in MARC 145 cells. The GP3 was detected in gradient fractions containing purified virions by RIP using anti-GP3 antiserum. Predictably, the GP3 was less abundant in purified virions than other major structural envelope proteins such as GP5 and M. Further evidence of the presence of GP3 at the level of PRRSV FL12 envelope was obtained by immunogold staining of purified virions from the supernatant of infected cells with anti-GP3 antiserum. Taken together, these results indicate that GP3 is a minor structural component of the PRRSV type II (FL12 strain) virion, as had been previously described for PRRSV type I.

Acupuncture and Dry Needling in the Reduction of Peripheral Acute Fatigue Induced in the Biceps Braquii: Protocol for a Single-blinded Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Gabriel Barreto Antonino,Ana Paula de Lima Ferreira,Eduardo Jose Nepomuceno Montenegro,Alberto Galvão de Moura Filho,Arthur Felipe Freire da Silva,Maria das Graças Rodrigues de Araújo 사단법인약침학회 2020 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.13 No.5

The present study aims to propose a protocol to verify the efficacy and acute effects of traditional Chinese acupuncture, dry needling, and the rest in peripheral acute fatigue (PAF) induced by intermittent isometric contractions of the nondominant biceps brachii (BB) of nonphysically active men in a randomized, single-blind clinical trial assessed with surface electromyography, contraction time in seconds, infrared thermal imaging, and visual analog scale applied to the PAF. These instruments will evaluate the median frequency, endurance time, temperature (°C), and perceived fatigue in BB of the volunteers. The measurements will be collected in four moments (Test 0, 01, 02, and 03) divided between the beginning and the end of two sets of exercises (Exercises 01 and 02) of intermittent isometric contractions. Trial identifier: NCT03448120 in www.clinicaltrials.gov.

Effects of radiation therapy on the dislocation resistance of root canal sealers applied to dentin and the sealer-dentin interface: a pilot study

Yaduka Pallavi,Kataki Rubi,Roy Debosmita,Das Lima,Goswami Shachindra 대한치과보존학회 2021 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.46 No.2

Objectives: This study evaluated and compared the effects of radiation therapy on the dislocation resistance of AH Plus and BioRoot RCS applied to dentin and the sealer-dentin interface. Materials and Methods: Thirty single-rooted teeth were randomly assigned to 2 groups (n = 15 each): AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey) and BioRoot RCS (Septodont). Each group was subdivided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group was subjected to a total radiation dose of 60 Gy. The root canals of all samples were cleaned, shaped, and obturated using the single-cone technique. Dentin slices (1 mm) were sectioned from each root third for the push-out test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was done to examine the sealer-dentin interface. The failure mode was determined using stereomicroscopy. Bond strength data were analyzed by the independent t-test, 1-way analysis of variance, and the Tukey post hoc test (α = 0.05). Results: Significantly lower bond strength was observed in irradiated teeth than non-irradiated teeth in the AH Plus group (p < 0.05). The BioRoot RCS group showed no significant reduction in bond strength after irradiation (p > 0.05) and showed a higher post-irradiation bond strength (209.92 ± 172.26 MPa) than the AH Plus group. SEM revealed slightly larger gap-containing regions in irradiated specimens from both groups. Conclusions: The dislocation resistance of BioRoot RCS was not significantly changed by irradiation and was higher than that of AH Plus. BioRoot RCS may be the sealer of choice for root canal treatment in patients undergoing radiation therapy.

Dietary crude protein levels during growth phase affects reproductive characteristics but not reproductive efficiency of adult male Japanese quails

Retes Pâmela Lacombe,Neves Danusa Gebin das,Bernardes Laryssa Fernanda,Alves Victoria Veiga,Gonçalves Natália de Castro,Lima Diego de Rezende,Alvarenga Renata Ribeiro,Pereira Barbara Azevedo,Seidavi A 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.3

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the influence of different dietary crude protein (CP) levels during the growth phase on reproductive characteristics and reproductive efficiency as well as the body development of adult male Japanese quail. Methods: Three hundred one-day-old male quails were distributed into five treatments with diets containing different CP levels (18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, and 26%) in a completely randomized design, with six replicates of ten birds each. The CP diets were applied only during the growth phase (1 to 35 days). At 36 days of age, the birds were transferred to 30 laying cages with three males and nine females each, and all birds received the same diet formulated to meet production-phase requirements until 96 days of age. Results: The growth rate of the birds increased linearly (p<0.01) with increasing dietary CP, but the age of maximum growth decreased (p<0.05). At growth maturity, all birds had the same body weight (p>0.05). At 35 days of age, higher weight gain was obtained (p<0.05) with diets containing 22% CP or higher. No effects on feed conversion were observed in this phase. The increase in dietary CP enhanced (p<0.01) nitrogen intake and nitrogen excretion but did not affect (p>0.05) nitrogen retention. Testis size, seminiferous tubular area, number of spermatogonia, and germinal epithelial height at 35 days of age increased linearly (p<0.05) with dietary CP, while the number of Leydig cells decreased (p<0.01). The Sertoli cell number at 60 days of age increased linearly (p<0.01) with dietary CP. Dietary CP levels did not affect cloacal gland size, foam weight, foam protein concentration, semen volume, or flock fertility at 90 days of age. Conclusion: Dietary CP concentration affected body and testicular development in male Japanese quails but did not affect reproductive efficiency. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the influence of different dietary crude protein (CP) levels during the growth phase on reproductive characteristics and reproductive efficiency as well as the body development of adult male Japanese quail.Methods: Three hundred one-day-old male quails were distributed into five treatments with diets containing different CP levels (18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, and 26%) in a completely randomized design, with six replicates of ten birds each. The CP diets were applied only during the growth phase (1 to 35 days). At 36 days of age, the birds were transferred to 30 laying cages with three males and nine females each, and all birds received the same diet formulated to meet production-phase requirements until 96 days of age.Results: The growth rate of the birds increased linearly (p<0.01) with increasing dietary CP, but the age of maximum growth decreased (p<0.05). At growth maturity, all birds had the same body weight (p>0.05). At 35 days of age, higher weight gain was obtained (p<0.05) with diets containing 22% CP or higher. No effects on feed conversion were observed in this phase. The increase in dietary CP enhanced (p<0.01) nitrogen intake and nitrogen excretion but did not affect (p>0.05) nitrogen retention. Testis size, seminiferous tubular area, number of spermatogonia, and germinal epithelial height at 35 days of age increased linearly (p<0.05) with dietary CP, while the number of Leydig cells decreased (p<0.01). The Sertoli cell number at 60 days of age increased linearly (p<0.01) with dietary CP. Dietary CP levels did not affect cloacal gland size, foam weight, foam protein concentration, semen volume, or flock fertility at 90 days of age.Conclusion: Dietary CP concentration affected body and testicular development in male Japanese quails but did not affect reproductive efficiency.

Improvement of 2,2′-Azobis(2-Methylpropionamidine) Dihydrochloride-Induced Hepatic Redox Imbalance in Swiss Mice and HepG2 Cells by Rutin

Paula Alexandre de Freitas,Keciany Alves de Oliveira,Laryssa Alves Magalha˜es,Regina de Jesus das Neves,Carla Soraya Costa Maia,Leonardo Reis Silveira,Tanes Tamamura de Lima,Renata Prado Vasconcelos,L 한국식품영양과학회 2022 Journal of medicinal food Vol.25 No.6

Redox imbalance can lead to irreversible damages to biological functions. In this context, rutin stands out for its antioxidant potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute and chronic effect of rutin on the hepatic redox imbalance. The study was performed according to three different protocols. First, healthy male Swiss mice were divided into two groups: control and rutin, the second of which received chronic oral supplementation of rutin (10 mg/kg). The second involved evaluation of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by HepG2 cells, incubated or not with rutin (20 and 40 μg/mL) for 3 h. The final protocol involved assessment of the acute effect of rutin (10 mg/kg) in mice with oxidative stress induced by 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (ABAP). After the in vivo treatments, the livers were collected to analyze the oxidative damage by thiol, and the antioxidant defense by catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. In the HepG2 cells, the following probes were employed to assess the ROS production: dichlorofluorescein, MitoSOX, dihydroethidium, and Amplex Red. Rutin administered chronically improved the antioxidant defense in healthy animals, and when administered acutely both inhibited the increased production of ROS in HepG2 cells and improved the redox imbalance parameters in mice with induced oxidative stress. This study suggests rutin as a protective agent for restoration of hepatic redox homeostasis in redox injury induced by ABAP in Swiss mice and HelpG2 cells.