Is Performance of a Modified Eucapnic Voluntary Hyperpnea Test in High Ventilation Athletes Reproducible?

Michael D. Kennedy,Craig D. Steinback,Rachel Skow,Eric C. Parent 대한천식알레르기학회 2017 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.9 No.3

Purpose: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is common in “high ventilation” athletes, and the Eucapnic Voluntary Hyperpnea (EVH) airway provocation test is the standard EIB screen. Although the EVH test is widely used, the in-test performance in high ventilation athletes as well as the reproducibility of that performance has not been determined. Reproducibility of pre- and post -test spirometry and self-reported atopy/cough was also examined. Methods: High ventilation athletes (competitive swimmers; n=11, 5 males) completed an atopy/cough questionnaire and EVH testing (operator controlled FiCO2) on 2 consecutive days. Results: Swimmers achieved 85%±9% and 87%±9% of target FEV1 volume on days 1 and 2, respectively, (P=0.45; ICC 0.57 [0.00-0.86]) resulting in a total ventilation of 687 vs 684 L [P=0.89, ICC 0.89 (0.65-0.97]) equating to 83%±8% and 84%±9% of predicted total volume (ICC 0.54 [0.00-0.85]) between days 1 and 2. FiCO2 required to maintain eucapnic conditions was 2.5%. Pre-test FEV1 was less on day 2 (P=0.04; ICC >0.90). Day 1 to 2 post -test FEV1 was not different, and 4 swimmers were EIB positive (>10% fall in pre-post FEV1) on day 1 (3 on day 2). Conclusions: EVH in-test performance is reproducible however required less FiCO2 than standard protocol and the swimmers under-ventilated by 125 and 139 L/min for days 1 and 2, respectively. How this affects EIB diagnosis remains to be determined; however, our results indicate a post -test FEV1 fall of ≥20% may be recommended as the most consistent diagnostic criterion.

Relationship Between ACE Insertion/Deletion Genotype, Telomere Length and Diabetes Mellitus Type Ii

( Yu Ling Zhou ),( Ya Xin Lu ),( Herbert Jelinek ),( Hassan Assareh ),( Craig S Mclachlan ),( Brett D Hambly ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Telomere length has been used as a surrogate biomarker for biological aging. Chronic diseases, i.e. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DMT2), resulting in infl ammation have been reported to shorten telomere length. The deletion allele of the angiotensin- converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism has been associated with infl ammation and susceptibility and severity of DMT2. We aimed to examine the interactions of ACE I/D genotype and DMT2 on telomere length. Methods: A total of 195 healthy controls and 80 patients with DMT2 were recruited from the Charles Sturt University Diabetes Screening Research Initiative in Australia. We measured leukocyte telomere length (LTL) by monochrome multiplex quantitative PCR and genotyped ACE I/D polymorphism by PCR and electrophoresis. Multivariate linear regression was used to determine the relationship between telomere length and ACE I/D genotype, covariates controlled for diabetic status. Results: Total population data demonstrated ACE DD or ID genotype carriers have longer mean LTL (1.091 and 1.095, respectively) than II genotype carriers (1.063, P=0.036). When stratifi ed on the basis of diabetes or no diabetes, a signifi cant increase in LTL was maintained in control subjects, but not in the DMT2 subjects. In control subjects, mean relative LTL for DD plus ID carriers is 1.090 and II carriers is 1.043 (P=0.009). In DMT2 patients, the mean relative LTL of samples carrying at least one D allele is 1.089 and II genotype carriers is 1.083 (P=0.868). In control but not DMT2 patients, female gender is associated with longer relative LTL (1.103, P=0.010). Conclusions: The II genotype is associated with shorter telomere length in a control population, but this association is lost in DMT2 patients. These findings support a hypothesis that ACE DD or ID genotype increases telomere length but that diabetes mellitus status alters this effect.

First report of Halopeltis (Rhodophyta, Rhodymeniaceae) from the non-tropical Northern Hemisphere: H. adnata (Okamura) comb. nov. from Korea, and H. pellucida sp. nov. and H. willisii sp. nov. from the North Atlantic

Craig W. Schneider,D. Wilson Freshwater2,Gary W. Saunders 한국조류학회I 2012 ALGAE Vol.27 No.2

Using genetic sequencing (COI-5P, LSU, rbcL) to elucidate their phylogenetic positions and then morphological characters to distinguish each from existing species, three procumbent species, including two novel species, from warm temperate Northern Hemisphere waters are added to the recently resurrected genus Halopeltis J. Agardh: H. adnata (Okamura) comb. nov. from Korea, H. pellucida sp. nov. from Bermuda and H. willisii sp. nov. from North Carolina, USA. Prior to these reports, the genus was confined to the Southern Hemisphere and tropical equatorial waters of the Northern Hemisphere although the latter records lack molecular confirmation. These three additional species join the six known species presently residing in Halopeltis.

The artificial urinary sphincter and male sling for postprostatectomy incontinence: Which patient should get which procedure?

Craig V. Comiter,Amy D. Dobberfuhl 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.1

Surgery is the most efficacious treatment for postprostatectomy incontinence. The ideal surgical approach depends on a variety of patient factors including history of prior incontinence surgery or radiation treatment, bladder contractility, severity of leakage, and patient expectations. Most patients choose to avoid a mechanical device, opting for the male sling over the artificial urinary sphincter. The modern male sling has continued to evolve with respect to device design and surgical technique. Various types of slings address sphincteric incompetence via different mechanisms of action. The recommended surgery, however, must be individualized to the patient based on degree of incontinence, detrusor contractility, and urethral compliance. A thorough urodynamic evaluation is indicated for the majority of patients, and the recommendation for an artificial urinary sphincter, a transobturator sling, or a quadratic sling will depend on urodynamic findings and the patient's particular preference. As advancements in this field evolve, and our understanding of the pathophysiology of incontinence and mechanisms of various devices improves, we expect to see continued evolution in device design.

First report of Halopeltis (Rhodophyta, Rhodymeniaceae) from the non-tropical Northern Hemisphere: H. adnata (Okamura) comb. nov. from Korea, and H. pellucida sp. nov. and H. willisii sp. nov. from the North Atlantic

Schneider, Craig W.,Freshwater, D. Wilson,Saunders, Gary W. The Korean Society of Phycology 2012 ALGAE Vol.27 No.2

Using genetic sequencing (COI-5P, LSU, $rbc$L) to elucidate their phylogenetic positions and then morphological characters to distinguish each from existing species, three procumbent species, including two novel species, from warm temperate Northern Hemisphere waters are added to the recently resurrected genus $Halopeltis$ J. Agardh: $H.$ $adnata$ (Okamura) comb. nov. from Korea, $H.$ $pellucida$ sp. nov. from Bermuda and $H.$ $willisii$ sp. nov. from North Carolina, USA. Prior to these reports, the genus was confined to the Southern Hemisphere and tropical equatorial waters of the Northern Hemisphere although the latter records lack molecular confirmation. These three additional species join the six known species presently residing in $Halopeltis$.

A Drosophila Phospholipase C Gene That Is Expressed in the Central Nervous System

Shortridge, Randall D.,Yoon, Jaeseung,Lending, Craig R.,Bloomquist, Brian T.,Perdew, Marcia H.,Pak, William L. 경희대학교 유전공학연구소 1991 遺傳工學論文集 Vol.3 No.-

A Drosophila phospholipase C (PLC) gene, designated as plc-21, was isolated by screening a genomic DNA library using a cDNA for a previously isolated Drosophila PLC gene, norpA, as probe under reduced stringency hybridization conditions. The gene maps to 21C on the left arm of the second chromosome. Two proteins of 1305 and 1312 amino acids, respectively, were deduced from two classes of cDNA which were isolated. The two putative plc-21 proteins are similar in sequence and overall structure to the β-class of PLCs found in mammals and differ from each other only by 7 amino acid residues that are present near the C terminus of one of the proteins but not the other. Hybridization of plc-21 cDNA probes to blots of poly(A)^(+) RNA revealed that the gene encodes a 7.0-kilobase transcript that could be detected in the head but not in the body of adult flies and a 5.6-kilobase transcript that could be detected throughout development and in both heads and bodies of adults. I n situ hybridization of cDNA sequences to tissue sections showed that the gene is expressed in the neuronal cell bodies of the optic lobe, central brain, and thoracic ganglia of adults and the brain of larvae. This tissue distribution of plc-21 transcripts is identical to the distribution of transcripts from a Drosophila Go a-subunit gene that we reported previously.

Nitrogen removal with energy recovery through N₂O decomposition

Scherson, Yaniv D.,Wells, George F.,Woo, Sung-Geun,Lee, Jangho,Park, Joonhong,Cantwell, Brian J.,Criddle, Craig S. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Energy & environmental science Vol.6 No.1

<P>A new process for the removal of nitrogen from wastewater is introduced. The process involves three steps: (1) partial nitrification of NH<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>+</SUP> to NO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>−</SUP>; (2) partial anoxic reduction of NO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> to N<SUB>2</SUB>O; and (3) N<SUB>2</SUB>O conversion to N<SUB>2</SUB> with energy recovery by either catalytic decomposition to N<SUB>2</SUB> and O<SUB>2</SUB> or use of N<SUB>2</SUB>O to oxidize biogas CH<SUB>4</SUB>. Steps 1 and 3 have been previously established at full-scale. Accordingly, bench-scale experiments focused on step 2. Two strategies were evaluated and found to be effective: in the first, Fe(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) was used to abiotically reduce NO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> to N<SUB>2</SUB>O; in the second, COD stored as polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) was used as the electron donor for partial heterotrophic reduction of NO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> to N<SUB>2</SUB>O. For abiotic reduction with Fe(<SMALL>II</SMALL>), the efficiency of conversion of NO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> to N<SUB>2</SUB>O was over 90% with 98% nitrogen removal from water. For partial heterotrophic denitrification, different selection conditions were imposed on acetate- and nitrite-fed communities initially derived from waste activated sludge. No N<SUB>2</SUB>O was detected when acetate and nitrite were supplied continuously, but N<SUB>2</SUB>O was produced when acetate and nitrite were added as pulses. N<SUB>2</SUB>O conversion efficiency was dependent upon the method of addition of acetate and nitrite. When acetate and nitrite were added together (coupled feeding), the N<SUB>2</SUB>O conversion efficiency was 9–12%, but when acetate and nitrite additions were decoupled, the N<SUB>2</SUB>O conversion efficiency was 60–65%. Decoupled substrate addition selected for a microbial community that accumulated polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) during an anaerobic period after acetate addition then consumed PHB and reduced NO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> during the subsequent anoxic period. The biological N removal efficiency from the water was 98% over more than 200 cycles. This indicates that decoupled operation can sustain significant long-term N<SUB>2</SUB>O production. Compared to conventional nitrogen removal, the three-step process, referred to here as Coupled Aerobic–anoxic Nitrous Decomposition Operation (CANDO), is expected to decrease oxygen requirements, decrease biomass production, increase organic matter available for recovery as biogas methane, and enable energy recovery from nitrogen, but pilot-scale studies are needed.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A new wastewater treatment process is introduced that removes and recovers energy from nitrogen waste through N<SUB>2</SUB>O decomposition. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2ee22487a'> </P>

The 105-month Swift-BAT all-sky hard X-ray survey

Kyuseok Oh,Michael Koss,Craig B. Markwardt,Kevin Schawinski,Wayne H. Baumgartner,Scott D. Barthelmy,Bradley Cenko,Neil Gehrels,Richard Mushotzky,Abigail Petulante,Claudio Ricci,Amy Lien,Benny Trakhten 한국천문학회 2018 天文學會報 Vol.43 No.1

Development of a multidisciplinary design optimization framework for an efficient supersonic air vehicle

Allison, Darcy L.,Morris, Craig C.,Schetz, Joseph A.,Kapania, Rakesh K.,Watson, Layne T.,Deaton, Joshua D. Techno-Press 2015 Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science Vol.2 No.1

A modular multidisciplinary analysis and optimization framework has been built with the goal of performing conceptual design of an advanced efficient supersonic air vehicle. This paper addresses the specific challenge of designing this type of aircraft for a long range, supersonic cruise mission with a payload release. The framework includes all the disciplines expected for multidisciplinary supersonic aircraft design, although it also includes disciplines specifically required by an advanced aircraft that is tailless and has embedded engines. Several disciplines have been developed at multifidelity levels. The framework can be readily adapted to the conceptual design of other supersonic aircraft. Favorable results obtained from running the analysis framework for a B-58 supersonic bomber test case are presented as a validation of the methods employed.

Projective deformations of hyperbolic Coxeter 3-orbifolds

Choi, Suhyoung,Hodgson, Craig D.,Lee, Gye-Seon Springer-Verlag 2012 Geometriae dedicata Vol.159 No.1