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- 저자 : Czechowska, S.K. (검색결과 4 건)
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Consumer Protection Mechanisms in the Polish Market of Unit-linked Insurance Products
Iwona Dorota Czechowska,Joanna Stępińska 국제금융소비자학회 2023 The International Review of Financial Consumers(IR Vol.8 No.1
The insurance market in Poland is developing dynamically. Insurance companies offer customers various products, including a unit-linked insurance plan/product (ULIP), which combines protection and investment functions. Customers' insurance premiums are invested in these funds, and their assets are divided into units. There are risks for consumers in the ULIP market: a need for financial literacy (regarding products and choosing the right product for the financial situation and knowledge of the risk) and market imperfections (product design, sales practices, investment practices). Given the above rationales for tighter regulation, the regulations for these products have been amended with the objective of increasing consumer protection. The paper presents a descriptive analysis of the market and a comprehensive discussion of the regulatory changes in consumer protection for unit-linked insurance products in Poland in 2014-2021. The study consists of two parts. The first part presents the characteristics of unit-linked insurance products and their popularity in the European and Polish markets. The second part describes regulatory changes in the Polish market regarding protecting consumers purchasing ULIP products. The last part of the article concludes the conducted study.
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Borawska, M.H.,Czechowska, S.K.,Markiewicz, R.,Hayirli, A.,Olszewska, E.,Kazim Sahin, D.V.M The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.2
The effects of lycopene, genistein, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on cell viability were tested in vitro using a normal human skin fibroblast (NHSF) cell line (CRL-1474) and granulation tissue fibroblasts (GTFs) obtained from a patient with middle ear cholesteatoma. Cell cultures were added with lycopene (1, 5, and $10\;{\mu}M$), genistein (1, 5, 10, 25, and $50\;{\mu}M$), and EGCG (1, 5, 10, 25, and $50\;{\mu}M$) and their respective control cultures were established by adding 5 mL/L tetrahydrofuran (THF), 5 mL/L dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 5 mL/L DMSO. A colorimetric assay was employed for determining cell viability using thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide. Cell viability was expressed as a percentage of the control. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance separately for each compound. Lycopene addition decreased viability of NHSFs and GTFs compared with THF addition (64.1%, 60.5%, and 100%, respectively, P < .0001). Genistein addition also increased viability of both NHSFs and GTFs compared with DMSO addition (P < .02). Increasing EGCG concentration tended to cause a linear increase in viability of NHSFs but did not alter viability of GTFs (P < .10). Our data suggest that genistein and EGCG but not lycopene could help maintaining or improving skin health through enhancing viability of skin fibroblasts.
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Beata Prozorow-Krol,Agnieszka Korolczuk,Grazyna Czechowska,Maria Slomka,Agnieszka Madro,Krzysztof Celinski 대한약학회 2013 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.36 No.9
The role of adenosine A3 receptors and theirdistribution in the gastrointestinal tract have been widelyinvestigated. Most of the reports discuss their role inintestinal inflammations. However, the role of adenosineA3 receptor agonist in pancreatitis has not been wellestablished. The aim of this study is (Ed note: Purposestatements should be in present tense) to evaluate theeffects of the adenosine A3 receptor agonist on the courseof sodium taurocholate-induced experimental acute pancreatitis(EAP). The experiments were performed on 80male Wistar rats, 58 of which survived, subdivided into 3groups: C—control rats, I—EAP group, and II—EAPgroup treated with the adenosine A3 receptor agonistIB-MECA (1-deoxy-1-6[[(3-iodophenyl) methyl]amino]-9H-purin-9-yl)-N-methyl-B-D-ribofuronamide at a dose of0.75 mg/kg b.w. i.p. at 48, 24, 12 and 1 h before and 1 hafter the injection of 5 % sodium taurocholate solution intothe biliary–pancreatic duct. Serum for a-amylase and lipasedeterminations and tissue samples for morphologicalexaminations were collected at 2, 6, and 24 h of theexperiment. In the IB-MECA group, a-amylase activitywas decreased with statistically high significance comparedto group I. The activity of lipase was not significantlydifferent among the experimental groups but higher than inthe control group. The administration of IB-MECA attenuatedthe histological parameters of inflammation ascompared to untreated animals. The use of A3 receptoragonist IB-MECA attenuates EAP. Our findings suggestthat stimulation of adenosine A3 receptors plays a positiverole in the sodium taurocholate-induced EAP in rats.
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M.H. Borawska,S.K. Czechowska,R. Markiewicz,A. Hayirli,E. Olszewska,K. Sahin 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.2
The effects of lycopene, genistein, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on cell viability were tested in vitro using a normal human skin fibroblast (NHSF) cell line (CRL-1474) and granulation tissue fibroblasts (GTFs) obtained from a patient with middle ear cholesteatoma. Cell cultures were added with lycopene (1, 5, and 10 μM), genistein (1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 μM), and EGCG (1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 μM) and their respective control cultures were established by adding 5 mL/L tetrahydrofuran (THF), 5 mL/L dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 5 mL/L DMSO. A colorimetric assay was employed for determining cell viability using thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide. Cell viability was expressed as a percentage of the control. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance separately for each compound. Lycopene addition decreased viability of NHSFs and GTFs compared with THF addition (64.1%, 60.5%, and 100%, respectively, P < .0001). Genistein addition also increased viability of both NHSFs and GTFs compared with DMSO addition (P < .02). Increasing EGCG concentration tended to cause a linear increase in viability of NHSFs but did not alter viability of GTFs (P < .10). Our data suggest that genistein and EGCG but not lycopene could help maintaining or improving skin health through enhancing viability of skin fibroblasts.
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