http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Efficiency Measures for Spanish Retailing Firms in a Regulated Market
Justo de Jorge,CRISTINA SUÁREZ 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2007 Journal of Economic Development Vol.32 No.1
The objective of this work is to analyze the impact on Spanish retail firms’ efficiency of the regulatory process experienced in the period 1996-2002. The intangible nature of services makes them more difficult to quantify, so we combine work measurements with the methodology of the stochastic frontier production function for unbalanced panel data, and for which the firm effects are an exponential function of time. Furthermore, we obtain other relevant technological measurements of these productive processes such as the scale and the technical progress parameters. Our econometric results show great heterogeneity in the firms’ efficiency but without change over the period and the predominance of decreasing returns to scale. They also indicate that technological progress was produced.
Factors Associated with Prolonged Patient-Attributable Delay in the Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer
Irene Zarcos-Pedrinaci,Teresa Téllez,Francisco Rivas-Ruiz,María del Carmen Padilla-Ruiz,Julia Alcaide,Antonio Rueda,María Luisa Baré,María Manuela Morales Suárez-Varela,Eduardo Briones,Cristina Sarasq 대한암학회 2018 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.50 No.4
Purpose The delayed diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) may be attributable to sociodemographic characteristics, to aspects of tumour histopathology or to the functioning of the health system. We seek to determine which of these factors most influences prolonged patient-attributable delay (PPAD) in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC. Materials and Methods A prospective, multicentre observational study was conducted in 22 Spanish hospitals. In total, 1,785 patients were recruited to the study between 2010 and 2012 and underwent elective or urgent surgery. PPAD is considered to occur when the time elapsed between a patient presenting the symptom and him/her seeking attention from the primary care physician or hospital emergency department exceeds 180 days. A bivariate analysis was performed to assess differences in variables segmented by tumour location and patient delay. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on the outcome variable, PPAD. Results The rate of PPAD among this population was 12.1%. PPAD was significantly associated with altered bowel rhythm (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 1.83) and with adenocarcinoma histology, in comparison with mucinous adenocarcinoma (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.11 to 3.71). Other sociocultural factors and clinicopathological features were not independent predictors of PPAD. Conclusion Many patients do not consider altered bowel rhythm an alarming symptom, warranting a visit to the doctor. PPAD could be reduced by improving health education, raising awareness of CRC-related symptoms.