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Structural and Stoichiometry Change in NiO with a Thin IrO2 Layer
S. Yoon,E. Cho,C. Kim,S. Seo,J. Lee,R. Jung,D. Kim,H. Cheong,M. Bastjan,B. Schulz,M. Ruubhausen 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.6
An IrO2 layer has been proposed as the material for minimizing dispersion of several memory switching parameters of resistance-change random access memory devices using NiO. We present Raman scattering and ellipsometry measurements on NiO lms with and without an IrO2 layer. Our Raman measurements on the NiO films show that the addition of an IrO2 layer enhances the local crystalline quality, which is completely consistent with previous results. Moreover, we found an IrO2 layer to be associated with the changing stoichiometry in the NiO film. This can also be related to an abrupt change in the optical transition near 2.7 eV with IrO2, which is known to re ect the NiO stoichiometry. An IrO2 layer has been proposed as the material for minimizing dispersion of several memory switching parameters of resistance-change random access memory devices using NiO. We present Raman scattering and ellipsometry measurements on NiO lms with and without an IrO2 layer. Our Raman measurements on the NiO films show that the addition of an IrO2 layer enhances the local crystalline quality, which is completely consistent with previous results. Moreover, we found an IrO2 layer to be associated with the changing stoichiometry in the NiO film. This can also be related to an abrupt change in the optical transition near 2.7 eV with IrO2, which is known to re ect the NiO stoichiometry.
Evidence for phonon skew scattering in the spin Hall effect of platinum
Karnad, G. V.,Gorini, C.,Lee, K.,Schulz, T.,Lo Conte, R.,Wells, A. W. J.,Han, D.-S.,Shahbazi, K.,Kim, J.-S.,Moore, T. A.,Swagten, H. J. M.,Eckern, U.,Raimondi, R.,Klä,ui, M. American Physical Society 2018 Physical Review B Vol.97 No.10
Advanced technologies for intuitive control and sensation of prosthetics
Erik J. Wolf,Theresa H. Cruz,Alfred A. Emondi,Nicholas B. Langhals,Stephanie Naufel,Grace C. Y. Peng,Brian W. Schulz,Michael Wolfson 대한의용생체공학회 2020 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.10 No.1
The Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Aff airs and National Institutes of Health have invested signifi cantlyin advancing prosthetic technologies over the past 25 years, with the overall intent to improve the function, participationand quality of life of Service Members, Veterans, and all United States Citizens living with limb loss. These investmentshave contributed to substantial advancements in the control and sensory perception of prosthetic devices over the past decade. While control of motorized prosthetic devices through the use of electromyography has been widely available sincethe 1980s, this technology is not intuitive. Additionally, these systems do not provide stimulation for sensory perception. Recent research has made signifi cant advancement not only in the intuitive use of electromyography for control but also inthe ability to provide relevant meaningful perceptions through various stimulation approaches. While much of this previouswork has traditionally focused on those with upper extremity amputation, new developments include advanced bidirectionalneuroprostheses that are applicable to both the upper and lower limb amputation. The goal of this review is to examine thestate-of-the-science in the areas of intuitive control and sensation of prosthetic devices and to discuss areas of explorationfor the future. Current research and development eff orts in external systems, implanted systems, surgical approaches, andregenerative approaches will be explored.
Berger, B,You, K,Lee, H-C,Mussenbrock, T,Awakowicz, P,Schulze, J IOP PUBLISHING 2018 PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.27 No.12
<P>The fundamental investigation of different electron heating modes is important in order to fully understand the generation of plasmas, as well as to optimize their technological applications. In this study, a capacitively coupled radio-frequency discharge is operated at its limit of comparably low plasma density. Phase resolved optical emission spectroscopy provides insights into the electron dynamics on a nanosecond time scale under these conditions. At low applied voltage amplitudes, it is observed that more than one electron beam is generated within a single phase of sheath expansion at a given electrode. When the voltage amplitude is increased these beams merge in time to a single electron beam. This effect has been predicted by particle in cell/Monte-Carlo collision simulations before and contradicts existing models that assume the generation of a single beam per sheath expansion phase by stochastic heating (Wilczek <I>et al</I> 2015 <I>Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.</I> <B>24</B> 024002; Wilczek <I>et al</I> 2016 <I>Phys. Plasmas</I> <B>23</B> 063514). In this study, results from a systematic experimental study of the effect are presented, which support the theoretically predicted phenomenon.</P>