흰등멸구에 對한 水稻新品種, 系統의 抵抗性機作에 關한 硏究

金正和,李時雨,崔承允,鄭富根 서울大學校 農科大學 1982 서울대농학연구지 Vol.7 No.2

A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the varietal differences in resistance of Korean new rice cultivars to the white-backed planthopper(WBPH), Sogatella furcifera HORVATH(Ⅲ). The number of rice cultivars tested were twenty-one from the Office of Rural Development (ORD), and eight from the College of Agriculture, Seoul National University(SNU). The nature of their varietal resistance of rice to the WBPH were studied in terms of the seedling reaction, the insect population build-up, and honeydew excretion with feeding activity. (1) Seven cultivars out of the 34 cultivars tested indicated resistant reaction in seedling test; SNU-020713, -1768, -1770, -011063, -01165, -01166, and -01167. (2) The feeding preference of the WBPH adults and nymphs was higher on the susceptible Jinheung than on the test cultivars, and their feeding preference did not steadly coincide with the seedling reaction to the WBPH. (3) The ovipositional preference studies indicated that the insects exhibited distinctly different preference for different cultivars, but their tendency was not steady; for example, the cultivars Milyang-48 and SNU-01701 compared with Jinheung were significantly prefered for oviposition despite showing the susceptible seedling reaction and the cultivar SNU-01702 was significantly less prefered for oviposition than Jinheung,even though they were all susceptible in seedling reaction. (4) The population build-up of WBPH was smaller on the resistant cultivars (R-check) than the susceptible ones. (5) Post-embryonic developmental period was relatively shorter on the susceptible cultivars, but it was not always true. (6) The adult emergence rate was relatively higher on the susceptible rice cultivars than those on the resistant and moderate ones. (7) Differences in sex ratio of the WBPH on the susceptible and resistant cultivars could not be made sure due to the small number of adults tested. (8) The amount of honey-dew excreted was measured using the ninhydrin staining method. The small amount of honeydew was recorded with the test cultivars to the WBPH. In conclusion, the nature of varietal resistance of rice to the WBPH was considered to be related with the nymphal survival,develpmental period of nymphs and feeding activity.

살충제 저항성 배추좀나방 방제를 위한 Bifenthrin과 Prothiofos혼용의 연합작용

Bu Keun CHUNG,Soo Woong KANG,Ho Yul CHOO 한국응용곤충학회 1997 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.36 No.1

Fenvalerate, cypermethrin, furathiocarb 및 prothiofos에 대해 각각 581, 18, 19, 11배의 저항성을 보인 진주계통과 fenvalerate와 furathiocarb에 대해 각각 38배와 9배의 저항성을 나타내고 있는 함양.서상계동을 bifenthrin과 prothiofos의 혼합조합으로 방제하기 위해 실내 엽침지법과 포장방제시험을 수행하였다. Bifenthrin 1EC와 prothiofos 50EC을 1:50으로 혼합하여 실내엽침지법으로 처리하였을 때 공력계수가 273.2로 최고점에 도달한 후 급격히 감소하는 양상을 보였다. 침지법에서 가장 효과적이었던 혼용비율의 조합을 함양.서상현지 농가에서 실증시험을 수행한 결과, 처리구에서 처리약량을 절반으로 줄였음에도 배추좀나방의 방제효과가 농가관행구와 마찬가지로 우수하였다. 또한 이 조합은 여러가지 대표적인 살충제에 대해 높은 저항성을 나타내고 있는 진주지역계통에 대해서도 합리적인 농약혼합으로 저항성문제에 적절히 대처할 수 있음을 보여주었다. Mixture study of bifenthrin and prothiofos was conducted to control insecticide resistant diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, which had shown 581, 18, 19, 11 fold resistance to fenvalerate, cypermethrin, furathiocarb, and prothiofos in Chinju strain, respectively and 38 and 9 fold resistance to fenvalerate and furathiocarb in Seosang strain, respectively. Optimal mixture ratios of bifenthrin and prothiofos was selected against Seosang strain of DBM by leaf dipping method in laboratory and by field test. Maximum co-toxicity coefficient by dipping method was shown at a ratio of 1:50 mixture of bifenthrin 1EC and prothiofos 50EC in active ingredient(a.i.) by 243.2 and then suddenly decreased. The mixed formulation from the dipping test was examined at the cabbage field of Seosang, Hamyang. Although insecticides were reduced to half, control efficacy was similar to farmer's conventional method. In addition, the mixture combination was also more effective against Chinju DBM population which had very high level of resistance to several representative insecticides. Mixture methods of insecticides will be effective countermeasures to the resistance problem of pests.

Monitoring Pesticide Resistance of Two Spotted Mite, Tetranychus urticae in Rose Greenhouse in Korea

Bu-Keun Chung,Si-Woo Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.04

Tetranychus urticae was collected from greenhouse roses to monitor the development of acaricide resistance. Dose-mortality lines were estimated on 16 regional populations with 13 acaricides. For each acaricide, LC50s of the populations were plotted to check normality. LC50s of eight acaricides showed normal distribution and five others did not. An index of Ln (recommended dose/LC50 for each acaricide) checked the development of resistance to populations. The index is based upon recommended dose to control a pest stage and empirical LC50 got from serial dilution range for each pesticide. We tried to categorize acaricides by index due levels of effectiveness to mites: tebufenpyrad, fenpyroximate, bifenthrin, and fenbutatin oxide as non-effective acaricides with less than index 1.0, chlorpyrifor+bifenthrin and milbemectin as alert level placed between 1.0 and 2.0, acequincyl as caution between 2.0 and 3.0, and abamectin, cyflumetofen, bifenazate, chlorfenapyr+fulacrypyrim and propargite as effective over 3.0. We also tested the similarity of acaricide actions for choosing effective acaricides against resistant mites and of populations for resistance management. We could make several acaricides groups: group1 including abamectin, cyflumetofen, and bifenazate group 2 propargite and chlorpyrifos+bifenthrin group 3 chlorfenapyr and acequinocy and group 4 mibemectin, fenyroximate, and bifenthrin, by which we can suggest not to use acaricide within the same group to avoid the resistance development. Populations grouping would imply similar practices of acaricide use, so we can manage pesticide usage, effectively. Group A includes Gimhae 2, 3, 4, 5, Jincheon2, and Taean, and Group B includes Goyang, Gangjin1, Paju, Gangin2 and Namwon.

Chemical Control System of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Greenhouse Eggplant

Chung, Bu-Keun,Kang, Soo-Woong,Kwon, Jin-Hyuk Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2000 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.3 No.1

Systems of chemical control were implemented in a plastic greenhouse to controlmainly Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) in eggplant with several effective eligible groups of insecticides, spraying insecticide singly with new mode of action or in sequence with conventional. The system consisted of three phase of strategy to cope with initial population build up, sporadic pests and F. occidentalis population control. To check the effectiveness of the control system it was evaluated phytotoxicity, the residual toxicity, spraying frequency, insecticidal spectrum against Tetranychus urticae Koch, and Liriomyza trifolii(Burgess), and marketable quality and yield. Spraying singly with abamectin or imidacloprid gave high yields with low damage to the eggfruits. Furthermore abamectin 1.8 emulsifiable concentrate(Ec) showed wide range of insecticidal activity against T. urticae and L. trifolii with slightly less spraying frequency.

Analysis of Damage by Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Eggplants

Chung, Bu-Keun Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2001 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.4 No.2

Division of Plant Environment, Kyongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services A relationship between damage of eggfruits and the number of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) on eggplant leaves was determined in a plastic eggplant greenhouse under various insecticide application schedules. The damage of eggfruits was evaluated by the four independent evaluators using a damage scale from 0 (leastdamaged) to 5 (most damaged). There was no significant difference in damage grading between evaluators. A relationship between the expected portion of marketable eggfruits and an average degree of damage was determined to provide a standard for a specific market. The proportion of marketable fruits was determined at the guidelines of three market acceptance (A, B, and C) levels: The A, B and C accept only<1, <2 and <3 damage scaled eggfruits, respectively. Eggfruits included in the scale 1 had <7 thin lines or <3.0 thick lines on the surface of the fruit. The scale 2 had >7 thin lines or >3.0 thick lines. The scale 3 had one patch of bleaching with/ without any lines on the fruits. At acceptance A, the marketable proportion was 47, 38, and 20% among the harvest eggfruits of <1, <2 and <3 damage scale, respectively. The proportions at acceptance B and C were 80, 70 and 48%, and 93, 84 and 61%, respectively. An average degree of damage was correlated with the accumulated logarithmic number of F. occidentalis on the eggplant leaf during 10 to 5 days before harvest. Damage scale of <1, <2 and <3 was equivalent to 1.9, 7.4 and 28.8 insects per leaf per day, respectively, during the period.

Time and frequency of thiamethoxam application for control of Japanese gall-forming thrips, Ponticulothrips diospyrosi (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) on persimmon

Bu-Keun Chung,Kyeong-Ae Son,Jae-Hyeok Choi 한국응용곤충학회 2010 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.13 No.3

Ponticulothrips diospyrosi Haga et Okajima has several characteristic features of damage, such as leaf rolling and dotted scars on fruit skin. The objectives of this study were to find out the optimum timing and frequency of insecticide application to reduce this damage. The effect of spraying twice at a 7-day interval before adult immigration was tested. The efficacy of the insecticide was delayed by the favorable microhabitat produced by adults and offspring within damaged leaf. Twice spraying in 2005 was effective in reducing the number of surviving insects and damaged leaves 1 month later. The time of adult immigration was coincident with the growth of persimmon shoots to 2 cm approximately, or the stage of four to five leaves, on April 22. Spraying three times in 2006 was the most effective, starting the first spray at the five to six leaf stage, immediately before immigration, and the second 9 days later (on immigration), and the third after the flowers faded. By using this control regime, no leaves were damaged, and residues of thiamethoxam and its metabolite were trace levelled when they were analysed by HPLC in late October. The growers could obtain the highest portion of marketable fruits, N99%, yielding an acceptable net income.

Selective Toxicity of Several Acaricides to Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseidae) over Tetranychus urticae for Rose

Chung, Bu-Keun,Heung-Su Lee,Byoung-Ryong Jeong 한국응용곤충학회 2012 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.05

A project has been launched and aims to introduce Amblyseius swirskii for the control of Tetranychuns urticae in rose cultivating greenhouse. This study was intended to use selective acaricide, sensibly, to reduce risk for the natural enemy agent of A. swirskii in controlling T. urticae. T. urticae was susceptible strain UD from Entomology laboratory of SNU and A. swirskii was purchased from commercially available source. When LC50s were compared with A. swirskii and T. urticae of abamectin 1.8EC and 7 other acaricides, chlorfenapyr+cyenopyrafen (4+20)SC, abamectin 1.8EC, and chlorfenapyr 10SC for A. swirskii showed 148, 74, and 14 times, respectively, higher dose than T. urticae, as selective acaricides. However, fenpropathrin 5EC and fenpyroximate 5SC for T. urticae showed 22, and 25 times, respectively, higher dose than A. swirskii. For T. urticae bifenazate 23.5SC and cyflumetofen 20SC showed more than 97% mortality at less than the recommended dose, but the acricides did not kill A. swirskii 16 and 4 times as much dose as the recommended dose. The results suggested that several acaricides have inherent lower toxicity to A. swirskii. For practical application, it might be recommended to use acaricides in a way to strengthen inherent selectivity.

Occurrences of Two Spotted Mites, Tetranychus urticae as a New Major Pest in Persimmon Orchards and Their Chemical Control

Bu-Keun Chung,Mitsuhiro Kawashima,Chuleui Jung 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.05

As suggested by Kawashima (2006), the most abundant Tetranychidae was Tetranychus sp. as a pest in persimmon orchards. The observatory orchards were selected 16 in total, 2 from Gurye, 2 from Gwangyang, and 2 from Suncheon in Jeonnam Province and 3 from Jinju, 4 from Sacheon, and 3 from Sancheong in Gyeongnam Province. Number of mites in 100 persimmon leaves were observed from each orchards nearly every ten days. Careful rearing of the mites sample collected from the four observaory persimmon fields at which the mite had occurred the most seriously among 16 fields and results from taxanomical identification process indicated that the species was identified Tetranychus urticae. Maximum number of T. urticae reached to 436 on 27 June at Jeongdong, Sacheon, 108 on 1 August at Sinann, Sancheong, 406 on 26 June Okgok, Gwangyang, and 509 on 15 June Muncheok, Gurye. When the number reached to more than 400 mites, the persimmon leaves changed from clear yellow dots, to pale yellow, and to grey in the backside. An experiment was conducted to control T. urticae and to select highly active miticide in persimmon orchards in Jinju and Sacheon. Spiromesifen 20SC and acequinosyl 15 SC were effective.

Two spotted mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, emergerd as a new pest in persimmon orchards and approaches to their control

Bu-Keun Chung,Mitsuhiro Kawashima,Chuleui Jung 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

Oriental persimmon, Diospyros kaki Thunb., endemic to East Asia is one of the major fruit crops in Korea. We conducted the faunal survey of mites on persimmon trees in Korea from June to September 2006, especially focusing on herbivorous and predacious mites. Mites of Tetranychidae and Tenuipalpidae were dominantly collected as herbivores, while those of Phytoseiidae and Stigmaeidae were predominant as predators. All identified tenuipalpid mites were Tenuipalpus zhizhilashviliae Reck. Most of the collected tetranychid mites were found to belong to the genus Tetranychus. To clarify the species identity, additional collections of tetraychid mites during summer 2007 on sweet persimmon were made. The mites were identified as Tetranychus urticae Koch. Four phytoseiid species, Neoseiulus womersleyi (Schicha), Amblyseius eharai Amitai and Swirski, Phytoseius (Dubininellus) rubii Xin, Liang and Ke and Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) vulgaris Ehara were collected. Among them, A. eharai was the most dominant species. Seventeen populations of two spotted mites (TSM) were observed 3 times per month from May to October to figure out their fluctuations at the site of individual farmer’s orchard from Sacheon, Sancheong, and Jinju in Gyeongsangnam- do and Gwangyang, Gurye, and Suncheon in Jeollanam-do. Among them, only 2 sites were properly managed, 5 sites were required to control but the farmers had little information on the mite and its damage, though 10 orchards were not in jeopardy. Number of TSM reached more than 400 at its maximum when 100 leaves were randomly observed at orchards from Sacheon, Okgok, and Muncheok, showing remarkably discolored leaves. For the control of TSM in fields by chemical means, it was tried to select an effective miticides in persimmon fields. Control activity of spiromesifen 20SC showed 99.0% and 98.1% and the activity of acequinocyl 15SC showed 90.8% and 99.0% in Jinju and Sacheon at 20 days after treatment, respectively. It was tried to understand the cause of the fluctuations of TSM populations on the viewpoints of pesticide spray, density of predacious mites, rainfalls, and weeds in the persimmon orchards. Various factors considered to contribute to the cause of population fluctuations, depending upon the situations of each orchard. To develop as a potential resource of biological control agents, it was tried to find out winter spatial distribution and movement of Amblyseius eharai (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on persimmon trees in Korea using artificial materials. We attached Phyto traps and urethane foam on persimmon trees in early November 2007 in Sacheon, Korea to estimate overwintering ecology of the predominant phytoseiid species Amblyseius eharai on persimmon. Most of A. eharai were found on the samples of branches, such as pedicel. In early spring, A. eharai was abundantly collected in the weekly and long-term traps before the leaf extension of persimmon trees, which additionally enhanced the possibility that A. eharai overwintered on the trees.

Automatic Pest Detection Implemented in Robotics in Green House

Chunlei Xia,Bu-Keun Chung,Jang-Myung Lee,Tae-Soo Chon 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.05

Accurate estimation of pest density is a prerequisite in achieving efficient pest management. An automatic pest detection system with image processing was installed on a robot to recognize brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorphahalys) on leaves of paprika(Capsicumannuumvar.angulosum). The shape of pest was recognized and subsequently the robot arm was moved toward the leaves to spray pesticides. The detection system was efficient along with increasing population densities increased. The robot with image processing system was useful for estimating population densities in spatial and temporal domain efficiently.