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New insight into transglutaminase 2 and link to neurodegenerative diseases
( Boram Min ),( Kwang Chul Chung ) 생화학분자생물학회 2018 BMB Reports Vol.51 No.1
Formation of toxic protein aggregates is a common feature and mainly contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), which include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and prion diseases. The transglutaminase 2 (TG2) gene encodes a multifunctional enzyme, displaying four types of activity, such as transamidation, GTPase, protein disulfide isomerase, and protein kinase activities. Many studies demonstrated that the calcium-dependent transamidation activity of TG2 affects the formation of insoluble and toxic amyloid aggregates that mainly consisted of NDD-related proteins. So far, many important and NDD-related substrates of TG2 have been identified, including amlyoid-β, tau, α-synuclein, mutant huntingtin, and ALS-linked trans-activation response (TAR) DNA-binding protein 43. Recently, the formation of toxic inclusions mediated by several TG2 substrates were efficiently inhibited by TG2 inhibitors. Therefore, the development of highly specific TG2 inhibitors would be an important tool in alleviating the progression of TG2-related brain disorders. In this review, the authors discuss recent advances in TG2 biochemistry, several mechanisms of molecular regulation and pleotropic signaling functions, and the presumed role of TG2 in the progression of many NDDs. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(1): 5-13]
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A Sleep Education and Hypnotics Reduction Program for Hospitalized Patients at a General Hospital
Seockhoon Chung,Soyoung Youn,Boram Park,Su-yeon Lee,Changnam Kim 대한신경정신의학회 2018 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.15 No.1
ObjectiveaaWe applied a program of sleep education and hypnotics reduction for inpatients (the i-sleep program). This study explored whether the i-sleep program is effective for reducing the prescription rate of sleeping pills to inpatients in a general hospital. MethodsaaWe estimated the proportion of inpatients prescribed hypnotics at admission to and discharge from the hospital, excluding pediatric care units, before (2014) and after (2015) the program. In addition, we estimated the proportion of inpatients prescribed sleeping pills among all inpatients on the first day of each month of 2014 and 2015. ResultsaaThe proportion of inpatients prescribed hypnotics as discharge medication among inpatients who had been prescribed them at the time of admission decreased significantly, from 57.0% to 46.8%, after the i-sleep program (RR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.79–0.86). The proportion of inpatients newly prescribed sleeping pills after admission to the hospital did not significantly decrease (1.97% to 2.00%; RR=1.01, 95% CI: 0.96–1.07). The mean prescription rate of sleeping pills per day was 8.18% in 2014 and 7.78% in 2015. ConclusionaaThe i-sleep program reduced the proportion of inpatients who continued to take sleeping pills from admission until discharge, although it did’t reduce the prescription rate per day.
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