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Tuberculosis of the Spleen as a Cause of Fever of Unknown Origin and Splenomegaly
( Biju Pottakkat ),( Ashok Kumar ),( Archana Rastogi ),( Narendra Krishnani ),( Vinay K. Kapoor ),( Rajan Saxena ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2010 Gut and Liver Vol.4 No.1
Background/Aims: Splenic involvement of tuberculosis, which is rare, warrants better definition in the current era of resurgence of tuberculosis. Methods: Out of 339 splenectomies performed between January 1989 and December 2008 for indications other than trauma, histopathologic analysis of the spleen revealed tuberculosis in 8 patients. Results: All eight patients were referred for splenectomy due to fever of unknown origin (FUO). No patient was infected with HIV, and all had at least moderate splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. Three patients had hypersplenism with bleeding manifestations. Radiologic evaluations demonstrated that splenic lesions were present in five patients. Five patients had evidence of tuberculosis manifested as enlarged splenic hilar lymph nodes, cystic lymph nodes, or liver. Two patients exhibited tubercle bacilli in their sputum during the postoperative period. Conclusions: In areas where tuberculosis is prevalent, tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with FUO and splenomegaly. Extrasplenic involvement is usually seen in splenic tuberculosis, although it may not be apparent at presentation. Splenic tuberculosis can present in isolation without extrasplenic involvement, and even in immunocompetent individuals. (Gut Liver 2010;4:94-97)
Biju, K.P.,Liu, X.,Shin, J.,Kim, I.,Jung, S.,Siddik, M.,Lee, J.,Ignatiev, A.,Hwang, H. Elsevier 2011 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.11 No.4
Resistive switching characteristics of Pt/TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/W devices are investigated. TiO<SUB>2</SUB> thin films are grown by a sol-gel spin-coating technique. The crystal structure and chemical bonding states of the TiO<SUB>2</SUB> films are investigated by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The device exhibits reversible and reproducible bistable resistive switching with a rectifying effect. The Schottky contact at the Pt/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> interface limits electron injection under reverse bias and results in a rectification ratio >60 at 2 V in a low-resistance state. The switching mechanisms in our device can be interpreted as oxygen-migration-induced redox reaction at the tungsten bottom electrode (W). The rectifying effect can reduce misreading errors in a cross-point array and provides a feasible way to achieve high memory density.
Asymmetric bipolar resistive switching in solution-processed Pt/TiO<sub>2</sub>/W devices
Biju, Kuyyadi P,Liu, XinJun,Bourim, El Mostafa,Kim, Insung,Jung, Seungjae,Siddik, Manzar,Lee, Joonmyoung,Hwang, Hyunsang Institute of Physics [etc.] 2010 Journal of Physics. D, Applied Physics Vol.43 No.49
<P>The resistive switching characteristics of Pt/TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/W devices in a submicrometre via-hole structure are investigated. TiO<SUB>2</SUB> film is grown by the sol–gel spin coating technique. The device exhibits reversible and reproducible bistable resistive switching with a rectifying effect. The Schottky contact at the Pt/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> interface limits electron injection under reverse bias resulting in a rectification ratio of >60 at 2 V in the low-resistance state. The switching mechanism in our device can be interpreted as an anion migration-induced redox reaction at the tungsten bottom electrode (W). The rectifying effect can significantly reduce the sneak path current in a crossbar array and provide a feasible way to achieve high memory density.</P>
( Biju Pottakkat ),( Deep Parasar ),( Sanjay Gambhir ),( Ashok Kumar ),( Rajan Saxena ),( Vinay Kapoor ) 대한소화기학회 2007 SIDDS Vol.9 No.-
Background/Aims: Early delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is the commonest complication after pylorus preserving pancreato-duodenectomy (PPPD) and an incidence of upto 40% is reported in the literature. Pyloric dysfunction is proposed as the main cause for DGE. This study is aimed to assess the gastric emptying pattern in patients in whom pyloric dilatation was done during PPPD. Methods: All patients who underwent PPPD for periampullary carcinoma between July 2004 and June 2005 were included in this prospective study. Pyloric dilatation was done upto 18 mm with Hegar`s dilators in all patients at operation. Gastric emptying was assessed with nuclear scintigraphy using Tc-99m sulphur colloid labeled semisolid standard meal between post operative day 10 and 14. Time activity curve was plotted for 1 hour and further curve is extrapolated. The clearance half time (T1/2) of gastric emptying was calculated. T1/2 upto 110 minutes is considered as normal. Results: Out of 20 patients who underwent PPPD, study could not be performed in 7 patients because of post operative complications. Gastric emptying was assessed in 13 patients. There were 8 males and 5 females in the age group of 31-57 (mean 48) years. 5/13 (38%) patients had DGE on nuclear scintigraphy inspite of pyloric dilatation. In 4/5 (80%) patients with DGE, time activity curve was flat at 1 hour (Tl/2 indefinite) and in the other patient T1/2 was 290 minutes, 4/5 (80%) patients with DGE demonstrated much delayed clearance in the proximal stomach although the distal pyloric emptying was normal. The other patient had delayed emptying both in proximal stomach and pylorus. 8/13 (62%) patients had normal gastric emptying and the T1/2 ranged between 28-106 (mean 64) minutes. Conclusions: DGE after PPPD as mainly due to the delayed emptying of proximal stomach rather than pylorus. Treatment strategies directed to the pylorus may not alleviate DGE after PPPD.
Bipolar resistance switching in the Pt/WO<sub>x</sub>/W nonvolatile memory devices
Biju, K.P.,Liu, X.,Kim, S.,Siddik, M.,Shin, J.,Lee, J.,Hwang, H. Elsevier 2011 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.11 No.2
We reported the resistive switching behavior in the Pt/WO<SUB>x</SUB>/W memory device fabricated with fully room temperature process. The devices show high resistance ratio (>140), reliable data retention at 85 <SUP>o</SUP>C and fast switching (100 ns). The field-induced resistance change can be explained based on the formation/rupture of the conduction filaments, due to migration of oxygen vacancies under electric field. The dominant conduction mechanisms of low resistance state and high resistance state were verified by ohmic behavior and trap-controlled space charge limited current, respectively. We demonstrate the present device can be used for multi-bit operation either by compliance current or by reset voltage.
Genome wide survey and analysis of microsatellites in Tombusviridae family
Biju George,Binu George,Mayur awasthi,Ram Nageena Singh 한국유전학회 2015 Genes & Genomics Vol.37 No.8
Microsatellites are small repetitive sequences found in all kingdoms of life including viruses. Members of the Tombusviridae family severely affect growth of wide range of plants and reduce economic yield in diverse cropping systems worldwide. Here, we analyzed the nature and distribution of both simple and complex microsatellites present in complete genome of 47 species of Tombusviridae family. Our results showed, in all analyzed genomes, genome size and GC content had a weak influence on number, relative abundance and relative density of microsatellites, respectively. For each genome, dinucleotide repeats followed by mononucleotide repeats were found to be highly predominant. Mononucleotide repeats were found to be underrepresented in majority of Tombusviridae genomes. Poly G and Poly C repeats were more abundant as compared to poly A or poly T nucleotides. TG/GT and AG/CA was the most abundant dinucleotide repeat motif observed in Tombusviridae genomes. Repeats larger than trinucleotide were never found in these viral genomes. Comparative study of relative abundance and density of microsatellite among available RNA and DNA viral genomes indicated that simple repeats were lower than many RNA virus genomes. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis of microsatellites occurring in Tombusviridae genomes. Characterization of such variations in repeat sequences would be important in deciphering the origin, mutational processes, and role of repeat sequences in viral genomes.
Biju, Silvanose,Freire, Ricardo O.,Eom, Yu Kyung,Scopelliti, Rosario,Bü,nzli, Jean-Claude G.,Kim, Hwan Kyu American Chemical Society 2014 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.53 No.16
<P>Reaction of Ln<SUP>III</SUP> with a tetrakis(diketone) ligand H<SUB>4</SUB>L [1,1′-(4,4′-(2,2-bis((4-(4,4,4-trifluoro-3-oxobutanoyl) phenoxy)methyl)propane-1,3-diyl)bis(oxy)bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(4,4,4-trifluorobutane-1,3-dione)] gives new podates which, according to mass spectral data and Sparkle/AM1 calculations, can be described as dimers, (NBu<SUB>4</SUB>[LnL])<SUB>2</SUB> (Ln = Eu, Tb, Gd:Eu), in both solid-state and dimethylformamide (DMF) solution. The photophysical properties of the Eu<SUP>III</SUP> podate are compared with those of the mononuclear diketonate (NBu<SUB>4</SUB>[Eu(BTFA)<SUB>4</SUB>], BTFA = benzoyltrifluoroacetonate), the crystal structure of which is also reported. The new Eu<SUP>III</SUP> dimeric complex displays bright red luminescence upon irradiation at the ligand-centered band in the range of 250–400 nm, irrespective of the medium. The emission quantum yields and the luminescence lifetimes of (NBu<SUB>4</SUB>[EuL])<SUB>2</SUB> (solid state: 51% ± 8% and 710 ± 2 μs; DMF: 31% ± 5% and 717 ± 1 μs) at room temperature are comparable to those obtained for NBu<SUB>4</SUB>[Eu(BTFA)<SUB>4</SUB>] (solid state: 60 ± 9% and 730 ± 5 μs; DMF: 30 ± 5% and 636 ± 1 μs). Sparkle/AM1 calculations were utilized for predicting the ground-state geometries of the Eu<SUP>III</SUP> dimer. Theoretical Judd–Ofelt and photoluminescence parameters, including quantum yields, predicted from this model are in good agreement with the experimental values, proving the efficiency of this theoretical approach implemented in the LUMPAC software (<uri xlink:href='http://lumpac.pro.br' xlink:type='simple'>http://lumpac.pro.br</uri>). The kinetic scheme for modeling energy transfer processes show that the main donor state is the ligand triplet state and that energy transfer occurs on both the <SUP>5</SUP>D<SUB>1</SUB> (44.2%) and <SUP>5</SUP>D<SUB>0</SUB> (55.8%) levels. Furthermore, the newly obtained Eu<SUP>III</SUP> complex was doped into a PMMA matrix to form highly luminescent films and one-dimensional nanowires having emission quantum yield as high as 67%–69% (doping concentration = 4% by weight); these materials display bright red luminescence even under sunlight, so that interesting photonic applications can be foreseen.</P><P>A red-emitting dimeric Eu<SUP>III</SUP> podate based on a tetrakis(β-diketonate) ligand emits highly monochromatic red light and features the highest quantum yield reported so far for dinuclear Eu<SUP>III</SUP> bis(β-diketonates); doping into a PMMA matrix results in thin films and one-dimensional nanowires, the luminescence of which can be seen under sunlight illumination.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/inocaj/2014/inocaj.2014.53.issue-16/ic500966z/production/images/medium/ic-2014-00966z_0012.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic500966z'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>